Tutoring rates per hour elementary

Tutoring rates per hour elementary

The average rate of data entry in the United States is approximately 8,000 keystrokes per hour, or KPH. This is considered the average 10-key speed. Many potential employers requir...Mar 5, 2024 · 90%. $49.32. The average hourly pay for an Elementary Tutor is $20.35 in 2024. Hourly Rate. $10 - $49. Total Pay. $21k - $103k. Based on 11 salary profiles (last updated Mar 05 2024) TTS is a non-profit company which offers competitive rates for highly qualified tutors. Our rate is $53/hr per hour with no minimums required – simply pay as you go on an hourly basis. Tutoring rates - Teachers' Tutoring Service %.Feb 22, 2023 · The average cost for algebra tutoring is $50 per hour. Hiring an algebra tutor to help improve your grades, you will likely spend between $25 and $70 per hour. The price of tutoring can vary greatly by region (and even by zip code). Get free estimates for your project or view our cost guide below: Get free estimates. Prices are: $390 per term; This equates to $26 an hour (one of the best private tutoring prices per hour in Sydney!) Years 9 & 10. Subjects include: Maths and English1. The tutoring is made up of 10 x 1.5 hour weekly sessions per term. This includes: Review and Reinforcement sections in each session; Explorations and … Thus, some students may pay as little as $10 or $15 per hour but be in a class of 15 or 20 students. Here a tutor may be paid an hourly fixed rate if they are an employee or they may levy a variable rate (depending on student numbers) if they are a contractor. Teacher-trained tutors typically charge in the range $40 to $150 per hour. Tuition rates effective on or after February 26, 2024. $340 per quarter credit hour for course work, except for the following programs: BS in Child Development; BS in Elementary Education; BSN Completion and BSN Accelerate Into Master's (AIM) ... $340 per quarter credit hour. Tuition rates before February 26, 2024. $256 per quarter ...Pay Rate: $14 to $22 per hour Minimum Requirements: Bachelor’s degree in any subject, experience with children, legally allowed to work in the US or Canada Subjects: English Level: Ages 4 to 12 Application; VIPKid is a platform that connects English tutors with children living mainly in China.It claims to have one of the most rigorous hiring …According to online reports, you’ll need to have a college degree or be working toward one. Pay: Varsity Tutors doesn’t specify the hourly rate they pay tutors, but Payscale says that they pay an average hourly rate of $17.39. Indeed …Tidigare kursplaner (år 2000-2011) Start. › Undervisning. › Grundskolan. › Läroplan och kursplaner för grundskolan. › Kursplaner för grundskolan.Tutoring rates per hour for an elementary student can be as little as $15 per hour for someone with little to no qualifications, like a high school student. The rate can go …How can you measure what light weighs? Learn how much light weighs at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement If there were a simple answer to how much light weighs, we'd all know it. There w...Care.com can be a great way to find services for your family, like babysitters, senior care, tutoring, housekeeping and more. Home Make Money Side Hustles Care.com is a site that...Feb 21, 2024 · You can expect to pay about $25 per hour for private tutoring from a student or teaching assistant. Premium tutors, like college instructors, can charge upwards of $56 per hour. Private tutoring fees can range from one location to the next. Private tutors, for instance, tend to cost more in high-cost urban areas due to the higher cost of living ... The table below serves as a guide to the prevailing market rates for 1 to 1 tutoring. ... * Each tutor's rates can vary depending on the subject level, tutor's experience and qualifications. *Prices indicated is in SGD PER HOUR. Level. Part Time/ Undergrad. Full Time/ Graduate. Ex/Current. School Teachers. Pre School. Pri 1 to 3. Pri 4 to 6 ...I am available to tutor elementary age students in the afternoons. I will be available during the summer as well. Andrea M. Gallatin, TN $17-22/hr Andrea , tutor. ... TN on Care.com will cost an average of $20.65 per hour as of February 2024. This rate may vary depending on the experience each tutor has, ...6,50,000+. Tutors, Trainers and Training institute. 1,00,000+. Reviews. Check Monthly Fees for Tuitions, IT Courses, Exam and Foreign Languages Coaching on UrbanPro.com's tutoring rate calculator. It is simple and free to use.Private tutoring generally ranges from $20 to $80 per hour. When deciding on a tutoring rate, it’s best to know what could affect the costs. Here are …Care.com can be a great way to find services for your family, like babysitters, senior care, tutoring, housekeeping and more. Home Make Money Side Hustles Care.com is a site that...As a tutor, you should plan to charge between $20 and $75 per hour for core subjects, or between $50 and $125 per hour for ACT/SAT college test prep. When setting your rate, you should consider your overhead, the complexity of the subject matter, as well as your credentials and teaching experience. That said, …VIPKid. Tutoring subjects: ESL for Chinese elementary students. Pay rate: $7–$9 per class; $14–$22 per hour with incentives factored in. Requirements: Tutors need a bachelor’s degree and 2 years experience teaching or tutoring. All applicants must record a demo lesson, then become certified if accepted.Understand tuition and fees at Ivy Tech to make informed decisions about your education. ... Full-Time Flat Rate Per Semester. $2,455.76: $4,732.57: $4,732.57: Part-Time Cost Per Credit Hour. $170.07: $332.71: $332.71: Full-time = 12 or more credit hours per semester Part-time = Less than 12 credit hours per semester View full cost ...Winter wonderlands are great until you need to get out of your house. Thankfully, clearing your driveway no longer has to mean spending two hours breaking your back with a snow sho...How much should I charge for tutoring? The average price charged for tutoring is $50 per hour. Tutors typically charge based on their experience and education level. We see prices starting at $25 per hour if you're just getting started to $80 an hour if you're a certified expert.Thank you! Irishgal1483 • 5 yr. ago. At the elementary school where I teach, we have a list of available tutors that can be given to parents and the rates range from $40-$55. I used to tutor and charged $40 per hour and $35 for 45 minutes. Hope this information helps!May 24, 2023 · Cost to hire a private homeschool teacher. The average cost to hire a full-time private teacher is $1,300 to $4,000 per month when split between multiple homeschool families or $4,000 to $8,000 monthly for private instruction. A part-time homeschool tutor costs $20 to $60 per hour or $400 to $3,000 per month. *Cost per family when split between ... You may also provide a combination of these to accommodate different budgets. The average price for an SAT tutor is $70 per hour and ranges between $40 to $100+ hourly, depending on the abovementioned factors. II. SAT Tutoring Options and Their Cost. SAT preparation can be supported in a variety of settings.New York City: The Big Apple's tutors are charging, on average, $18-$26 per hour. Los Angeles: Over on the sunny West Coast, you're looking at rates of around $19-$26 hourly. Chicago: The Windy City sees a bit of a breeze in prices, ranging from $18-$24 an hour. Houston: Everything's bigger in Texas, but rates are fairly moderate, sitting at ...Hi, what is the current going rate for an elementary math tutor, one-on-one? The tutor I have been referred to is a long-time 3rd grade teacher. I'd like to have an idea of what to expect when we discuss price. I'm guessing $40-$50 …Having a clear budget in mind helps refine your search and makes the decision-making process more straightforward. Let’s say the range for your subject is $20 to $70. If you can’t justify paying more than $50 per hour, you know it’s best to limit yourself to tutors who charge $30 to $40. 3. Decide your needs.Find your private Filipino tutor. TUTOROO is a website that connects you with private, in-person language tutors. We now work with 350,000 tutors in more than 160 cities. We match genuine native speakers with people who want to enhance their conversational skills in any language at their preferred place and time.Feb 13, 2024 · ZAR 203.36. The average hourly pay for a Tutor is R100.43 in 2024. Hourly Rate. R36 - R203. Bonus. R90 - R44k. Profit Sharing. R2k - R31k. Commission. On average, however, a private tutor costs between $25 and $75+ an hour, while in-person tutoring centers generally cost around $100 to $200 per month. Online tutors on various online tutoring platforms may offer slightly more competitive prices, between $25 and $50 an hour, but prices on these platforms …Prices are: $390 per term; This equates to $26 an hour (one of the best private tutoring prices per hour in Sydney!) Years 9 & 10. Subjects include: Maths and English1. The tutoring is made up of 10 x 1.5 hour weekly sessions per term. This includes: Review and Reinforcement sections in each session; Explorations and …ZAR 203.36. The average hourly pay for a Tutor is R100.43 in 2024. Hourly Rate. R36 - R203. Bonus. R90 - R44k. Profit Sharing. R2k - R31k. Commission.In general, the tutoring rates in Singapore are $30 to $90 per hour for primary level, $35 to $100 per hour for secondary level, and $50 to $150 per hour for JC or IB levels. School teachers command the highest fees due to their training in NIE ( National Institute of Education) or other forms of educational certifications. Tuition Rates.Malaysia tuition rates vary from general tutors to specialist tutors to premium tutors. The fees below is calculated as per tutors per hour: LEVEL: General Tutors: Specialist Tutors: Premium Tutors: Kindergarten: RM20-40/hour: RM30-50/hour: RM40-60/hour: Standard 1-3: RM25-40/hour: RM30-45/hour:As a tutor, you should plan to charge between $20 and $75 per hour for core subjects, or between $50 and $125 per hour for ACT/SAT college test prep. When setting your rate, you should consider your overhead, the complexity of the subject matter, as well as your credentials and teaching experience. That said, …The average salary for a tutor is $36.15 per hour in Australia. 4.1k salaries reported, updated at 3 March 2024. Is this useful? Maybe. Job openings in Australia. Digital Keyboard Tut. Octave8 Music Academy. Moorebank NSW. $30 - $45 an hour. View job details. 2 hours ago. French Conversationa. Presbyterian Ladies' …If it's general ed. then I do about $40 per hour. Honors level is $55 per hour. AP level is $80 per hour. I am flexible though and these rates are just in my head. If a parent can only swing $60 per hour for AP I may be okay with that especially if I don't have many students that I'm tutoring.Tutor.com pays an hourly rate based on the subject you tutor. Indeed.com statistics show that Tutor.com pays an average of $12.15 per hour, and the highest earners are paid $30.10 per hour. Glassdoor.com show earnings that average $11 to $14 per hour, and the highest earners make $19 to $21 per hour.Find your private Filipino tutor. TUTOROO is a website that connects you with private, in-person language tutors. We now work with 350,000 tutors in more than 160 cities. We match genuine native speakers with people who want to enhance their conversational skills in any language at their preferred place and time.However, the average price is $23 USD per hour in Los Angeles and Chicago tutors charge $21 USD per hour. It’s hardly surprising that the rates for private tutorials are higher in the big apple since the cost of living is, too. Also, when setting their hourly rates, tutors need to consider transportation costs and any other expenses they ...**Please note I require a higher rate (additional $12 per hour) for tutoring ACT Math. See Daniel's full profile. 5.0 (331) 68 /hour. 1,532 hours tutoring. ... With over 15 yrs experience, I have a solid background in tutoring students from elementary math to college algebra. Based on 108 salaries. The average tutor salary in Philippines is ₱ 480,000 per year or ₱ 192 per hour. Entry-level positions start at ₱ 297,000 per year, while most experienced workers make up to ₱ 720,000 per year. When it comes to managing your energy costs, understanding your National Grid electric rate is key. Your electric rate is the amount you pay for electricity per kilowatt-hour (kWh)...I tutor math. My friends and family rate is $40 an hour and I only do that if the kids wants to be there and they work harder than me. My regular rate is $80 per hours and I won’t tutor just for test passing. It has to be at least a weekly meeting with the goal of understanding material. I’ve been told my rates are too low.The average teacher tutor salary in Philippines is ₱405,642 or an equivalent hourly rate of ₱195. Salary estimates based on salary survey data collected directly from employers and anonymous employees in Philippines. Log In. ... The average pay for a Teacher Tutor is PHP 405,642 a year and PHP 195 an hour in Philippines.Something such as experience and skill level plays a crucial role in determining a tutor’s value. You shouldn’t expect to pay somebody $100 an hour if they’re a high school student with straight B’s. The average rate for tutoring is between $20 to $100 an hour. Lower grade level tutors such as elementary school typically make closer to ...Google Tutor has devised a fairly ingenious way to back up your Gmail account using Google Groups. Google Tutor has devised a fairly ingenious way to back up your Gmail account usi...$0.65 to $0.82 per minute: Elementary school through college-age: Yes Pearson's Smarthinking Best for Writing Improvement: $45 per hour: Middle school age through adult Yes: TutaPoint Best Test Prep: $50 to $95 per hour: Middle school through high school: Yes Mathnasium Best for Math Tutoring: Varies by program and location: …The average cost for math lessons, and tutors, is $22.58 per hour. You can expect to spend between $5 to $200 per hour when hiring a math tutor. The average price of math lessons can vary significantly by location, subject expertise, duration of sessions, online vs in-person education, and many more.. For decades, school architects have obsessed with creating optimized spaces, fiddling with furniture, ventilation, lighting, acoustics, ergonomics and sanitation. Architects of cor...May 24, 2022 · Some private tutors are high school students, graduate students, or even teaching assistants. For private tutoring from a student or teaching assistant, you can expect to pay an average of $30 per hour. You can expect to pay $56 per hour or more for high-level tutors such as professors or teachers. Private tutoring costs can also vary based on ... Oct 14, 2022 ... The average price of a tutor in the UK is £28 per hour. ... tutoring on average ... charge the same rates as a tutor with 15 years of experience.This can vary widely by region and tutor type. Peer tutors will be much less expensive than an independent tutor or a tutoring company, for example. The range may be anywhere from $15 per hour for a peer tutor to over $150/hour for a company tutor. State-certified teachers generally charge between $50 and $100/hour depending on their level of ...May 30, 2023 · Generally, the range for private tutoring is $20 to $100 per hour. If you look for tutors in your hometown, you may find some high school or college students willing to tutor basic subject matter for a bit less. Even then, most tutors ask for at least $20 an hour for basic math, elementary writing, or simple science instruction. How do I recall my years in elementary school? I surely remember assignments and standardized tests, but I How do I recall my years in elementary school? I surely remember assignme...Hi, what is the current going rate for an elementary math tutor, one-on-one? The tutor I have been referred to is a long-time 3rd grade teacher. I'd like to have an idea of what to expect when we discuss price. I'm guessing $40-$50 …Skooli charges a flat, pay-as-you-go rate of roughly $0.82 per minute, with a minimum lesson time of 15 minutes. You can purchase an 8-hour, 16-hour, or 32-hour tutoring plan to bring the cost per minute down even more. The platform allows students to browse online tutors within a given subject and read reviews …**Please note I require a higher rate (additional $12 per hour) for tutoring ACT Math. See Daniel's full profile. 5.0 (331) 68 /hour. 1,532 hours tutoring. ... With over 15 yrs experience, I have a solid background in tutoring students from elementary math to college algebra.The tuition rates for Polytechnic and University in Singapore range between $40-$130/hour. The average lesson duration ranges between 1.5-2 hours. Tuition lessons are usually focused on helping students clarify doubts regarding certain modules, or providing guidance in completing certain assignments. Part-Time. …Dec 8, 2021 · Varsity Tutors rates range between US $15-30 per hour, with most teachers receiving $15 for private online classes (in-person tuition usually commands $18-20 an hour, while Math, Science and specialist knowledge in academic testing earns more). Make sure you try and negotiate, as this is allowed. Max. per hour where each tutorial is assumed to be worth up to a maximum of four hours work, unless proved otherwise in a documented way. Max. per hour of demonstration at practicals or large tutorials, fieldwork, etc.; one hour extra is allowed for marking for each session of one to four hours. Undergraduates up to end of 3rd year of study ...If your payroll check contains a paystub with limited detail about how your pay is calculated, you can still check the paystub in order to verify that you were paid properly based ...At TutorLyft, we charge a 20% commission on your rate per session to cover our expenses, and to keep our prices fair — We get paid when you get paid. You get all the benefits of being part of a tutoring company, including our cross-channel marketing to showcase your unique personality and expertise. Feeling Confident in Your Hourly Tutoring RateFor example, (Monthly Expenses + Desired Savings) / Desired Hours per Month = Hourly Rate. Let’s say you need to earn $6,000 per month to cover all of your expenses, and you want to put $1,000 into savings and retirement funds while working 30 hours per week (120 hrs/mo). You would break it down the following way:When it comes to house cleaning rates per hour, one crucial factor that significantly affects the pricing is the location. Whether you live in a bustling city or a small town, the ...Cost: Preschool enrichment classes for math and reading fee ranges from Php4,200 to Php7,000. Homeschool tutorial rate ranges from Php350 to Php400 per hour, depending on the grade level. Call: +63 917 591 1987 / +632 8645 7065 FB: @Partner-in-Achievement-with-Teacher-Hayzel-PATH-105974334465542Feb 14, 2024 · The average salary for a tutor is $24.33 per hour in Ohio. 4.9k salaries reported, updated at February 15, 2024 ... 35% of Tutors in the United States think their ... However, instead of charging your full rate per hour, you should go for 60 to 75% of your original private tutoring hourly rate. For a quick estimate, if you charge one student $50 per hour, you could charge learners in a group class $37.50 per hour. Group classes have their benefits, most of which are for your pocket.The average salary for a tutor is $24.04 per hour in the United States. 92.8k salaries reported, updated at March 4, 2024. Is this useful ... $32.37 an hour. Part-time. View job details. 19 hours ago. Elementary K-6th Tut. New Jersey Academy 5. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. $20 - $50 an hour. Part-time. View job details. …To my elementary school graduate: YOU DID IT! And to me: I did it too! But not like you. YOU. You tackled six years of elementary school - covid disrupting... Edit Your Post Publis...Google Tutor has devised a fairly ingenious way to back up your Gmail account using Google Groups. Google Tutor has devised a fairly ingenious way to back up your Gmail account usi...In-Person Rate * Math K to 7: $38 per hour: $40 per hour: Math 8: $40 per hour: $42 per hour: Math 9: $40 per hour: $42 per hour: Math 10: ... $48 per hour * Rates may vary depending on location and tutor's experience. An additional $5.00 fee is assessed for lessons shorter than 1.5 hours. Rates for AP and IB courses may be slightly higher.Jan 24, 2024 · CA$34.39. The average hourly pay for a Tutor is C$19.95 in 2024. Hourly Rate. C$15 - C$34. Bonus. C$102 - C$1k. Total Pay. C$31k - C$72k. Based on 286 salary profiles (last updated Feb 29 2024) Tutoring in my town (regional SA) is usually around the $60 per hour mark. That’s the going rate for one-on-one music tuition. My daughter, who has a music degree charges $50 per hour or $25 for half an hour. Tutoring for numeracy and literacy seems to be somewhat more, but those only seem to be available through chain/franchise operations.At Emergent Education, we have found that for elementary students, doing four to five 30-minute tutoring sessions per week can often be far more productive than one two-three hour session. Online tutoring services for elementary students can be very effective. Due to the convenience of not having to travel for tutoring services, shorter ...Well, this can depend upon a few factors, such as location, specialism, and tutor’s experience. According to TutorExtra, the UK average for tutor’s fees ranges from £20 to £50 per hour. When we look at location, the price differences are quite apparent. For instance, the average cost of a maths tutor in Newcastle-Upon-Tyne is around £22 ...However, the average price is $23 USD per hour in Los Angeles and Chicago tutors charge $21 USD per hour. It’s hardly surprising that the rates for private tutorials are higher in the big apple since the cost of living is, too. Also, when setting their hourly rates, tutors need to consider transportation costs and any other expenses they ... I'm in WA State. Rates are current minimum wage ($14.49) for waiting time and lower level (elementary - algebra) math. Algebra 2 and Trigonometry pay 50 cents more, so $14.99 per hour. The federal rate if you get a military session is $29 per hour. Edited: I'm a Tutor 3/Master Tutor. One-hour fire-rated wall boards include Sheetrock Brand Ultralight FirecodeX Gypsum panels, Durock Brand Cement Board Next Gen, and Sheetrock Brand Firecode Core – Type X. Wall boa...Curious about electrician rates per hour or per project? There are many factors that affect the price you can expect to pay. Explore the average costs, pricing factors and other ne...You may also provide a combination of these to accommodate different budgets. The average price for an SAT tutor is $70 per hour and ranges between $40 to $100+ hourly, depending on the abovementioned factors. II. SAT Tutoring Options and Their Cost. SAT preparation can be supported in a variety of settings.The average salary for a tutor is $24.04 per hour in the United States. 92.8k salaries reported, updated at March 4, 2024. Is this useful ... $32.37 an hour. Part-time. View job details. 19 hours ago. Elementary K-6th Tut. New Jersey Academy 5. Englewood Cliffs, NJ. $20 - $50 an hour. Part-time. View job details. …Mar 23, 2023 · $30 per year for app; tutoring may cost more 2 to 7 and up: 45-minute lessons based on your schedule: Skooli Best Runner-Up: $1 per minute: Elementary school through college: As needed: Verbling Best Value: $5 to $75 per hour: 13+ Based on your schedule and needs: Lingoda Best for Adults: $9 to $15 per class: Best for adult learners Hiring a tutor in Houston, TX on Care.com will cost an average of $19.86 per hour as of February 2024. This rate may vary depending on the experience each tutor has, the subject you need help with, and how often you will require tutoring. Find tutors in Washington, DC that you’ll love. 748 tutors are listed in Washington, DC. The average rate is $22/hr as of February 2024. The average experience for nearby tutors is 4 years. All caregivers are background checked. One-to-one Tutoring with Certified BC Teachers . ... Our rate is $53/hr per hour with no minimums required – simply pay as you go on an hourly basis. ... Elementary and Intermediate K-7. Our primary and intermediate level tutors can help will all subjects at K-7 levels including:However, instead of charging your full rate per hour, you should go for 60 to 75% of your original private tutoring hourly rate. For a quick estimate, if you charge one student $50 per hour, you could charge learners in a group class $37.50 per hour. Group classes have their benefits, most of which are for your pocket.Feb 21, 2024 · You can expect to pay about $25 per hour for private tutoring from a student or teaching assistant. Premium tutors, like college instructors, can charge upwards of $56 per hour. Private tutoring fees can range from one location to the next. Private tutors, for instance, tend to cost more in high-cost urban areas due to the higher cost of living ... Cost to hire a private homeschool teacher. The average cost to hire a full-time private teacher is $1,300 to $4,000 per month when split between multiple homeschool families or $4,000 to $8,000 monthly for private instruction. A part-time homeschool tutor costs $20 to $60 per hour or $400 to $3,000 per month. *Cost per family when split between ...We see prices starting at $25 per hour if you're just getting started to $80 an hour if you're a certified expert. ... There are plenty of tutoring jobs available to work with elementary, junior high, ... In addition, at least 10 hours of tutoring experience and a basic tutoring training and assessment.When it comes to constructing a 1 hour fire rated wall, there are certain mistakes that can compromise the safety and effectiveness of the structure. It is crucial to understand an...Care.com can be a great way to find services for your family, like babysitters, senior care, tutoring, housekeeping and more. Home Make Money Side Hustles Care.com is a site that...How much should I charge for tutoring? The average price charged for tutoring is $50 per hour. Tutors typically charge based on their experience and education level. We see prices starting at $25 per hour if you're just getting started to $80 an hour if you're a certified expert.1 to 1 home tuition in Singapore costs between $25 to $150 per hour depending on the qualifications of the tutor and the needs of the student. Skip to content. WhatsApp; 8777 2168; Daily 9am-10pm, incl PH; ... Let’s say our selected tutor charges an hourly rate of $50/hour for a 2-hour lesson. Before this 2-hour …The average price of a tutor in the UK is £28 per hour. Depending on the qualifications of the tutor, subject and level you can expect to reasonably pay anywhere between £18 and £35 per hour for a tutor. The standard price of a qualified UK teacher as a tutor is £30 per hour. Additional qualifications could extend this price towards £35 ...Orton-Gillingham tutor rates vary depending upon the experience level of ... The most experienced tutors in the New York area, for example, can be more than $200 per hour, ... Joanna earned her M.S. in Elementary Education and Literacy from Bank Street College of Education in New York City in 2011. Joanna is certified by …Mar 5, 2024 · 90%. $49.32. The average hourly pay for an Elementary Tutor is $20.35 in 2024. Hourly Rate. $10 - $49. Total Pay. $21k - $103k. Based on 11 salary profiles (last updated Mar 05 2024) $0.65 to $0.82 per minute: Elementary school through college-age: Yes Pearson's Smarthinking Best for Writing Improvement: $45 per hour: Middle school age through adult Yes: TutaPoint Best Test Prep: $50 to $95 per hour: Middle school through high school: Yes Mathnasium Best for Math Tutoring: Varies by program and location: …I am available to tutor elementary age students in the afternoons. I will be available during the summer as well. Andrea M. Gallatin, TN $17-22/hr Andrea , tutor. ... TN on Care.com will cost an average of $20.65 per hour as of February 2024. This rate may vary depending on the experience each tutor has, ... ---1