Redefining strength

Redefining strength

The Best Meal Plan To Lose Fat Faster (TRY THIS!) | Redefining Strength. by Cori Lefkowith | Blog, Diet | 20 comments. No matter how much we may try, we can’t out exercise our diet. Trust me, I’ve tried. If …Whichever you do, make sure your body is in a nice straight line from your head to your heels or knees. Engage your core and line up your elbows under your shoulders. Bend one leg to 90 degrees with your foot up toward the ceiling. Then kick your foot back over yourself toward the ground on your other side.4 Bodyweight HIIT Workouts. You’ll find each workout in the videos at the times below. And for quick reference, I’ve written out the workouts below as well! 1. The 30 Minute 30s Blast! (0:10) 2. The 5-Minute Full-Body Cardio Burner (3:34) 3. The 10-Minute Cardio Pyramid (4:32)Servings 16 (1 ball per serving) INGREDIENTS: 1 tsp Vanilla Extract 3/4 cup Gluten-Free Oat Flour (take oatmeal in a food processor to grind up) 1/4 cup All-Natural Nut Butter of choice 1/4 cup Almond Meal/Flour 2 tbsp Raw Local Honey 2 scoops Vanilla Whey Protein Powder 1 tbsp Cinnamon ***Note you may need to slowly add tbsp of water depending on the … Push your butt back and sink into a lunge, bending the left knee while keeping the right leg straight. Do not let the left heel come up. Keep your chest up and sit your butt backward. Driving off your left heel, push back to standing. Make sure that your right toe doesn’t rotate but continues to point toward “12.”. Sink into a lunge, loading that front glute. Do not rotate open but keep your chest square forward. Drive through your standing leg and pull the slider back up to stand up tall before repeating the side lunge. Push Up Wiper: This killer upper body and core move will target your chest, shoulders, triceps and obliques.3 days ago · In this episode I'm joined by Redefining Strength Registered Dietitian Michelle to go over crucial micronutrients for menopause. Learn my 3 step recipe to lose fat and keep it off without feeling miserable. Show me the three-step recipe. 33 min. FEB 21, 2024. Is there an app to access my program? The Teachable App. Written by Cori Lefkowith. Our programs can be accessed on any device so there is no need for an app. The website is … 10 Isometric Core Exercises. Dip Hold (Bonus! with Leg Raises or Knee Tucks) – If you want to improve your posture, lessen upper back, neck and shoulder pain while also strengthening your upper body and core, you need to do the Dip Hold. And if you want to make the move even more challenging and core intensive, you need to add in some sort of ... The Pull Up Vs. The Inverted Row | Redefining Strength - […] on the big muscles working and even spend some time activating them first. (Here are some great foam rolling,… The Push Up Vs. The Dip | Redefining Strength - […] For foam rolling, stretch and activation moves to improve your shoulder health, check out these 10 Tips and ...You can even place your hands on your shins. Then sink into a squat, keeping your heels down. Sink as low as you can while keeping your heels down. You can use your hands on your feet or in between your legs to help you get lower. You can even slightly press out on your knees to stretch out your inner thighs a bit.Hold there for a second or two, flexing and relaxing your quad to help the ball dig in more if there are any knots. Then move the ball slightly up or down the middle of your thigh. You can work up toward your hip or down toward your knee, focusing on …Knee Pain | Redefining Strength - […] Mini Band Exercises to get your glutes firing before you work, check out these 10 Mini Band Moves. When you… Dynamic Stretches For Runners | Redefining Strength - […] injuries that runners face could be prevented or corrected by strengthening their glutes. These mini band moves are a…Hang down from the bar with your arms straight. Drive your chest up toward the bar, pulling your shoulder blades down and back. Lift your chest to the bar and then lower back down. Do not swing and make sure to lead with your chest …The Macro Hacks program provides you with the tools to adjust your nutrition as your goals change and you achieve the lean, strong body you’ve always wanted. CLAIM YOUR …Self - 10 Minute Upper-Body Strength Workout. Cosmopolitan - 7 Butt Workouts You'll Actually Enjoy Doing. Thrive Global - Women in Wellness. The OC Register - Fit as A Farmhand. MyfitnessPal - 5 Strength Exercises All Beginners Should Know. Self - The 14 Best Products For Active and Passive Rest Days. MyfitnessPal - The Most Common Push Up ...I'm Cori Lefkowith the owner of Redefining Strength. Want to work with me? Watch this video to find out how. COACHING closes soon. Limited spots available. countdown. 00 Hours 00 Minutes 00 Seconds. Is A Coach Really That Important? APPLY TO MY COACHING PROGRAM. Reviews, Testimonials, and Results. As Aristotle once said “What it lies in our power to do, it lies in our power not to do”. While I am very proud of the reviews Redefining Strength receives I have to give a disclaimer before you read and watch any further. Action is the biggest determining factor in any review you read. Self - 10 Minute Upper-Body Strength Workout. Cosmopolitan - 7 Butt Workouts You'll Actually Enjoy Doing. Thrive Global - Women in Wellness. The OC Register - Fit as A Farmhand. MyfitnessPal - 5 Strength Exercises All Beginners Should Know. Self - The 14 Best Products For Active and Passive Rest Days. MyfitnessPal - The Most Common Push Up ... The Conventional Deadlift works your entire posterior chain. To do this variation, you will stand with a barbell right at your shins. Your feet should be about hip-width to shoulder-width apart. Reach down and grab the bar outside of your shins. To grab the bar, push your butt back and bend your knees as you lean over the bar. Below are some great Carry Variations: 1. Farmer’s Walk – The farmer’s walk is a great way to develop full body strength while also strengthening your core. Hold heavy kettlebells, dumbbells, barbells, sandbags in each hand. Do not let them rest on your legs. Complete 6-8 rounds of each of the supplemental circuits. Then cool down by rolling and stretching. EXERCISE: 5-8 reps Eccentric Pull Ups. CIRCUIT #1: 20 seconds Pull Ups 20 seconds Handstand Hold 15-30 seconds Rest. CIRCUIT #2: 20 seconds Push Ups 20 seconds Pull Up Holds 15-30 seconds Rest.Rest up to 2 minutes between circuits. Complete all rounds of one circuit before moving on to the next circuit. CIRCUIT #1: 10-15 reps per side Single Leg Squats. 10-15 reps Hanging Pelvic Tilt. 10-15 reps per side Plank Hip Dips. CIRCUIT #2: 10-15 reps per side Balance Lunges. 10-15 reps Hanging Knee Circles.As you lower one arm down by your side, keep it as high off the ground as possible to work the back of your shoulder. Wave the arm back overhead then sweep the other arm out and down to your side. Keep alternating sides as you engage your back and butt to stay up in the superman position. Move at a controlled pace.To do the Standing TFL or IT Band Stretch, start standing with your feet together. Then cross your left leg over your right leg. Bring the left foot over and back across until the big toe is even with the big toe of the right foot. You want your feet even so that your front leg (the left leg) is pressing the back leg (right leg) straight during ...Protein Power Guide. Protein swaps. Plant based boosters. Hide your protein. 3 Protein packed recipes.This is a great Jumping Jack Variation to toast the legs and butt. Plus there are two slightly different ways you can do the Squat Jack to keep things interesting while working your legs. Squat Jack Variation #1 – Chair Pose to Sumo Squat: To do this Squat Jack Variation, start standing with your feet together.Redefining Strength has made a name for itself by creating exercises and challenges that are accessible to all individuals, whether they are a seasoned athlete seeking muscle definition or a grandmother needing more energy to keep up with her grandkids. The signature programs includeMaster The Deadlift, The 30 Day Pull-Up Challenge, The Booty ... Feel, move and look your best at every age! My name is Cori Lefkowith and I started Redefining Strength in 2014 with one mission… That mission goes beyond goals. We’re here to provide you with ... Keep your left heel down as you sink into the lunge. Keep your chest up even if you slightly lean forward to push your butt back. Then drive back up to standing, pushing off your left foot to come back center. Do not bend your right leg to come back center. Really push off that outside leg and drive off your heel.Take small steps forward with your hands then reverse the crawl and take small steps backward, pushing yourself backward on the Power Wheel. Keep your body in a nice straight line as you crawl backward. 20. Thor (ettes) Hammer Crawl ( 5:31) – Another way to advance crawling exercises is by pushing a weight.WARM UP Stretch and Roll Out: Calves Quads Groin Hips/Glutes Back Lats Chest Shoulders. WORKOUT. Complete 3-5 rounds of the circuits below. Rest 30 seconds to 1 minute between rounds and 1-2 minutes between circuits. CIRCUIT #1: 8-15 reps Goblet Squat 8-12 reps per side Single Arm Kettlebell Chest Presses CIRCUIT #2: 8-15 reps per side Bulgarian Split Squat 8 …To do the 2-Way Leg Lowers, place your hands behind your head as you lie back on the ground with your legs out straight on the ground. Bring your legs together. Crunch your upper body up and then tuck your knees in toward your chest. Keeping your low back pressed into the ground then extend your legs out straight. Keep your left heel down as you sink into the lunge. Keep your chest up even if you slightly lean forward to push your butt back. Then drive back up to standing, pushing off your left foot to come back center. Do not bend your right leg to come back center. Really push off that outside leg and drive off your heel. Take small steps forward with your hands then reverse the crawl and take small steps backward, pushing yourself backward on the Power Wheel. Keep your body in a nice straight line as you crawl backward. 20. Thor (ettes) Hammer Crawl ( 5:31) – Another way to advance crawling exercises is by pushing a weight. Rest up to 2 minutes between circuits. Complete all rounds of one circuit before moving on to the next circuit. CIRCUIT #1: 10-15 reps per side Single Leg Squats. 10-15 reps Hanging Pelvic Tilt. 10-15 reps per side Plank Hip Dips. CIRCUIT #2: 10-15 reps per side Balance Lunges. 10-15 reps Hanging Knee Circles. Make sure your hand is under your shoulder as you set up and you’re engaging your back to support your shoulder so you aren’t shrugging or straining it. This is key to supporting you as you rotate. Then lift that back leg as if kicking it back and up toward the wall behind you as you rotate your chest toward the ground to counterbalance ...Directions: Preheat your oven to 350 degrees. Wash your sweet potatoes and prick all over with a fork. Place in the oven and bake for 50-60 minutes or until fork tender. Place your chicken in a baking dish and rub with a tablespoon of olive oil, salt and peper. Place in the oven with the potatoes and bake for 25 minutes. The Macro Hacks program provides you with the tools to adjust your nutrition as your goals change and you achieve the lean, strong body you’ve always wanted. Plus four 6-week workouts! Minimum Program Length: 6 Weeks. Daily Workout Length: 30-60 minutes. Equipment Required: There are 2 Bodyweight Workout Programs; Equipment from two other ... To do the Star Stretch with Quad Stretch, lie on your back with your arms out straight to each side at about shoulder height. Then bend your left knee to about 90 degrees and pull it across your body. Place your right hand on top of your knee to press it toward the ground. You can also place a yoga block or foam roller on the ground below you ...Redefining Strength Reviews, Testimonials and Results. Written by Cori Lefkowith. Redefining Strength overview of different programs.Almond butter – Almonds contain magnesium which help support a balanced mood, bone health, and improved sleep! Night sweats and insomnia are common in menopause and magnesium may help promote sleep by regulating our bodies circadian rhythm by increasing muscle relaxation. Chia seeds – high in omega 3 fatty acids!Option 1: FREE CHALLENGE. If you have a set workout routine you love and only want to add on the Push Up Skill Work, you can join for FREE! You’ll choose the first option below and join the group to complete the challenge. With the free challenge you’ll receive. Access to the Facebook Group. 4 Skill Work Challenges A Week To Include Before ...Relax your arms down by your sides. As you lie on your back, you should feel a space between your low back and the ground. Now draw your belly button in toward your spine as you “scoop out” your belly and press your low back into the ground. Feel your abs engage as you press your low back down into the ground.With these 20 Partner Exercises, you can build strength, get in a great cardio workout and even improve your coordination. And if you are looking for a great Partner Workout, check out the ones at the bottom! Partner … Redefining Strength Team. Helen Keller once said, ‘ Alone we can do so little; together we can do so much We really take that to heart here at Redefining Strength because we know that our team’s combined passion and expertise is our secret sauce. I’ve been in the fitness game for over a decade, from playing Division I college tennis, to ... RSTORATION PROGRAM. Ready to eliminate aches and pains from head to toe for GOOD!? Check out The RStoration Program. Prevent and alleviate common aches and pains with these 10-minute workouts you can do on any device. This newly updated program comes with 6 new injury prevention schedules and follow alongs for every workout! Learn More.To do the Single-Arm Assisted Push Up, set up in a high plank position with your feet about hip-width apart. Then stretch one arm out to the side, even with your other hand. You can keep your palm flat on the ground or lift up onto your fingertips. To advance the move, lift a …The Superman Exercise is a great bodyweight core move that works the stabilizing muscles of your back as well as your glutes, hamstrings and shoulders. To do the Basic Superman Exercise: 1. Lie face down on the ground with your arms out straight overhead on the ground and your legs out straight behind you. 2.Watch that your knee, ankle and hip are all in line. Also make sure your heels are down. When you shift to the other side, pause before turning into the crescent lunge. When you come up in the crescent, focus on that front knee being in line with your hip and ankle and your back glute engaging to extend that back hip.Then kick your feet up toward the wall, pressing up into a handstand with your heels against the wall. Engage your abs and glutes and do not let yourself sag back into the wall. Consciously think about your hands’ connection to the ground and feel … Do not hyperextend your low back. Engage your glutes to stretch out your hips. Relax your head back and arch as much as you can, getting a nice stretch down your chest, core, hips and quads. Do not let your shoulders shrug and really focus on opening your chest up. Hold for 1-2 seconds and relax back down. The ultimate collection of Redefining Strength Nutrition Resources. This includes our best-selling digital programs like the Macro Hacks and Macro Cycling Shred, Nutrition Courses and Certifications like The Macro Academy, 5 different cookbooks, and kickstart programs like The Macro Accelerator! In total, you’ll receive….. Relax as you hold. To help the muscle relax and release itself, lift and lower your leg to tense and relax the muscle. You can prop yourself up more or fully lie over the ball depending on how much pressure you want to create. Make sure you can actually relax as you hold. You don’t want to tense against the pressure.Bend your arms to 90 degrees and then drive through your arms, upper back and heels to bridge up. Squeeze your glutes and brace your abs to bridge up. Then slightly release the contraction in one glute and rock to bridge one hip up slightly higher. Really focus on contracting that glute.WORKOUT. Set a timer for 30 minutes and complete as many rounds of the circuit below as possible. CIRCUIT: 10-20 reps Sandbag Good-morning. 10-20 reps Sandbag Row. 20-50ft Sandbag Forward Crawl With Pull. COOL DOWN. Stretch and Roll Out: Calves.Here are some of the best Isometrics to prevent injury, activate under-active muscles and help your body recover! These moves will improve your muscular stability and your body’s mobility. Legs. 1. Crescent Pose – The Crescent Pose is a great way to develop leg strength while improving your hip mobility.Self - 10 Minute Upper-Body Strength Workout. Cosmopolitan - 7 Butt Workouts You'll Actually Enjoy Doing. Thrive Global - Women in Wellness. The OC Register - Fit as A Farmhand. MyfitnessPal - 5 Strength Exercises All Beginners Should Know. Self - The 14 Best Products For Active and Passive Rest Days. MyfitnessPal - The Most Common Push Up ...Option 1: FREE CHALLENGE. If you have a set workout routine you love and only want to add on the Push Up Skill Work, you can join for FREE! You’ll choose the first option below and join the group to complete the challenge. With the free challenge you’ll receive. Access to the Facebook Group. 4 Skill Work Challenges A Week To Include Before ...ELYSIAN’S 22 Questions with Cori Lefkowith. Cori Lefkowith is a fitness expert and an entrepreneur best known as the creator of the Burner System fitness program. She is the owner of the Redefining Strength gym featuring programs that target specific areas of the body including core, arms and glutes.Feel, move and look your best at every age! My name is Cori Lefkowith and I started Redefining Strength in 2014 with one mission… That mission goes beyond goals. We’re here to provide you with ...Pinch your shoulder blades down and together as you fly your arms open and stretch the band. Do not let your shoulders shrug up as you pull the band. Feel your back working and your shoulder blades drawing together. Hold with your arms open for a …As you lower one arm down by your side, keep it as high off the ground as possible to work the back of your shoulder. Wave the arm back overhead then sweep the other arm out and down to your side. Keep alternating sides as you engage your back and butt to stay up in the superman position. Move at a controlled pace.Redefining Strength Reviews, Testimonials and Results. Written by Cori Lefkowith. Redefining Strength overview of different programs.A macro is a macronutrient or protein, carbs and fats. It is the nutrients your body needs in large quantities. Almost every popular diet out there manipulates the amount of each macro you consume to get results whether it is promoting low or no carbs, low fat, high protein, or some balance in between! And all of the foods we consume have a ...Rest up to 2 minutes between circuits. Complete all rounds of one circuit before moving on to the next circuit. CIRCUIT #1: 10-15 reps per side Single Leg Squats. 10-15 reps Hanging Pelvic Tilt. 10-15 reps per side Plank Hip Dips. CIRCUIT #2: 10-15 reps per side Balance Lunges. 10-15 reps Hanging Knee Circles.SERVINGS: 3. MACROS (per serving): Calories: 340. Protein: 36 grams. Carbs: 39 grams. Fats: 4 grams. INGREDIENTS: 3 Large Sweet Potatoes. 2/3 pound …Contact Information. 25651 Taladro Circle Suite G. Mission Viejo, CA 92691. Visit Website. (949) 287-3123.Redefining Strength Support | Programs Overview. Home. Programs Overview. Overview of Redefining Strength Programs. 1:1 Coaching. Learn more about our custom …Take small steps forward with your hands then reverse the crawl and take small steps backward, pushing yourself backward on the Power Wheel. Keep your body in a nice straight line as you crawl backward. 20. Thor (ettes) Hammer Crawl ( 5:31) – Another way to advance crawling exercises is by pushing a weight.Let your arms hang down and unshrug your shoulders while keeping a neutral spine. Make sure you’ve hinged over to load your glutes while keeping your knees soft. From this bent over position, you are going to try to pinch your shoulder blades together while letting your arms hang down. Draw your shoulder blades toward your spine.Place a towel under each foot, making sure your heel is on the towel, as you lie on your back with your knees bent and feet flat on the ground. Bend your elbows to drive your arms down into the ground. Perform a posterior pelvic tilt, slightly tilting your pelvis up toward your ribs. This will make sure you don’t arch your back as you perform ...Jan 18, 2020 · Place the chicken in the bottom of the slow cooker. Pour the hot sauce over the chicken (I like Frank’s). Cover the slow cooker, then cook for 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 hours on high or 4 to 5 hours on low, until the chicken is cooked through. Remove the chicken from crockpot and shred.About 30 minutes before the chicken is done, bake the sweet potatoes: ELYSIAN’S 22 Questions with Cori Lefkowith. Cori Lefkowith is a fitness expert and an entrepreneur best known as the creator of the Burner System fitness program. She is the owner of the Redefining Strength gym featuring programs that target specific areas of the body including core, arms and glutes. 10. Mountain Climbers – Work your core while you blast fat and burn calories with this cardio-core exercise. Mountain Climbers are a great move because they work everything from your shoulders to your knees, including your abs. And they can be done with 3 different knee drives to target different aspects of your core. 5. Bring the right hand back down to the ground and then drop your back knee (left knee) down to the ground. Sit back on your left heel and let your right leg straighten out in front of you. Feel a stretch down your right hamstring. Lean forward over that front leg to increase the stretch. Relax your arms down by your sides. As you lie on your back, you should feel a space between your low back and the ground. Now draw your belly button in toward your spine as you “scoop out” your belly and press your low back into the ground. Feel your abs engage as you press your low back down into the ground. 9. Hanging Toes to Bar – The second hardest move on this list if you aren’t adding in the pull ups. A great full body exercise that really smokes the core. With this move you will raise your straight legs all the way up so that your toes touch the bar. To start, hang from the bar with your legs straight and together.The Pull Up Vs. The Inverted Row | Redefining Strength - […] on the big muscles working and even spend some time activating them first. (Here are some great foam rolling,… The Push Up Vs. The Dip | Redefining Strength - […] For foam rolling, stretch and activation moves to improve your shoulder health, check out these 10 Tips and ...Push your butt back and sink into a lunge, bending the left knee while keeping the right leg straight. Do not let the left heel come up. Keep your chest up and sit your butt backward. Driving off your left heel, push back to standing. Make sure that your right toe doesn’t rotate but continues to point toward “12.”.Bring the knee back forward, keeping the leg bent the entire time. Really focus on opening from the hip with this move. You should really feel the glute of the standing leg working as you rotate. The more your rotate, the harder the move will be, but also the more you will open your hips and get your glutes activated.Pinch your shoulder blades down and together as you fly your arms open and stretch the band. Do not let your shoulders shrug up as you pull the band. Feel your back working and your shoulder blades drawing together. Hold with your arms open for a …Bend your knees and pull your heels in toward your butt. Lift up into a glute bridge position, lifting your hips up as high as you can. Squeeze your glutes and keep your belly button pulled in toward your spine. Then, keeping your hips up off the ground and your glutes engaged, slide your feet out until your legs are fully extended.Feel, move and look your best at every age! My name is Cori Lefkowith and I started Redefining Strength in 2014 with one mission… That mission goes beyond goals. We’re here to provide you with ...Jan 29, 2014 · Press your hand up toward the ceiling, straightening your arm up by your ear. Do not arch your low back. Keep your core tight and your arm up straight toward the ceiling. Do not lean to either side. Walk 20-50ft holding the kettlebell still overhead and then switch the bell to the other hand. The Macro Hacks program provides you with the tools to adjust your nutrition as your goals change and you achieve the lean, strong body you’ve always wanted. Plus four 6-week workouts! Minimum Program Length: 6 Weeks. Daily Workout Length: 30-60 minutes. Equipment Required: There are 2 Bodyweight Workout Programs; Equipment from two other ... Learn how to lose body fat and keep it off FOREVER without being miserable using my Proven 3 Step Formula! I'm Cori Lefkowith the owner of Redefining Strength. Want to work with me? Make sure your hand is under your shoulder as you set up and you’re engaging your back to support your shoulder so you aren’t shrugging or straining it. This is key to supporting you as you rotate. Then lift that back leg as if kicking it back and up toward the wall behind you as you rotate your chest toward the ground to counterbalance ...Answer a few questions and find out which macro ratio would work best for you based on your goals, body type, age and more! (no email required) FIND MY MACROS. Looking for the right macro ratio for you? Try the Redefining Strength macro calculator to …LISTEN HEREWATCH HERETRANSCRIPTCori (00:00):Hey guys, this is Cori from Redefining Strength. Welcome to the Fitness Hacks Podcast. This is the show where I share all my free workout and nutrition tips.Hold for a second or two and then bring your arms out and down to the side, lowering them all the way back and down toward the ground. Keep your arms straight as you bring them down. Feel the muscles of your chest and even around your shoulder stretching as you lower your arms down.Jan 18, 2020 · Place the chicken in the bottom of the slow cooker. Pour the hot sauce over the chicken (I like Frank’s). Cover the slow cooker, then cook for 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 hours on high or 4 to 5 hours on low, until the chicken is cooked through. Remove the chicken from crockpot and shred.About 30 minutes before the chicken is done, bake the sweet potatoes: Feel, move and look your best at every age! My name is Cori Lefkowith and I started Redefining Strength in 2014 with one mission… That mission goes beyond goals. We’re here to provide you with ...To do the Standing TFL or IT Band Stretch, start standing with your feet together. Then cross your left leg over your right leg. Bring the left foot over and back across until the big toe is even with the big toe of the right foot. You want your feet even so that your front leg (the left leg) is pressing the back leg (right leg) straight during ...As you lower one arm down by your side, keep it as high off the ground as possible to work the back of your shoulder. Wave the arm back overhead then sweep the other arm out and down to your side. Keep alternating sides as you engage your back and butt to stay up in the superman position. Move at a controlled pace.Move #1: Cable Step Up. Step ups are a great unilateral leg exercise to help you strengthen each side independently to correct imbalances. And while they work your entire leg, you can make them more glute intensive by changing how you load them down.Redefining strength is a great resource to get stronger ! Cori Lefkowith on April 6, 2019 at 6:36 pm . Thank you! Amy on May 18, 2019 at 1:00 am . Just getting over a head cold, so I had to skip some runs this week. Love all of your work outs, they … Not sure which program to start with? Try our program finder to find the perfect program for you Redefining Strength. 532,348 likes · 2,601 talking about this. Redefine What Strong Means To You! Redefining Strength Support | Programs Overview. Home. Programs Overview. Overview of Redefining Strength Programs. 1:1 Coaching. Learn more about our custom … ---1