Nematodes for grubs

Nematodes for grubs

Beneficial nematodes are tiny, usually microscopic, roundworms that can be applied to control caterpillars or grubs. Nematodes move within moist soil and enter a suitable host. The nematodes, along with an associated bacteria, kill the host within a few days. Select a nematode species that is most effective against the target pest. Beneficial Nematodes are insect parasitic roundworms adapted to parasitize an extensive number of pest insect species. Nematodes are available in three species: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (grub/beetle control), Steinernema carpocapsae (flea control), and Steinernema feltiae (fungus gnat/thrips control). Choose the correct species for control of …Beneficial nematodes serve as a natural and eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. They effectively combat various pest insects, including grubs, weevils, and root maggots, among others. Additionally, beneficial nematodes are utilized in managing soil-borne diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and other pathogens.Take out all of the dead turf and turn the soil, removing all the white grubs by hand. Add quality compost to the soil. Reseed or lay sod. 2. Biological extermination of white grubs. One organic method consists of using an army of nematodes (e.g., Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, available at garden centres), which are microscopic worms that will ...Natures Grub Control - Proven Effective! Green Earth Grub Busters Nematodes control a variety of destructive insect larvae, including White Grubs, ...Beneficial nematodes are rightfully deemed beneficial because they target pest types that we don’t want to encounter such as insect larvae, caterpillars, white grubs, and more. One application of nematodes will make a dent in pest populations if the conditions are right: the soil moist, not too cold or too hot, etcetera.Apr 20, 2015 · Proper handling and application is also critical, and the environment must be made suitable for the nematode. Grubs must be present in the turfgrass area to be treated. Infective juvenile nematodes will need a food source rapidly after application; meaning curative applications with a known grub infestation are necessary. The exceptions are some of the nematodes used against ants, chafer grubs leatherjackets, slugs and vine weevil larvae, formulations of these nematodes are, stocked by some retail outlets. For success, the supplier’s instructions regarding release and subsequent care of the predators or parasites must be followed carefully.Beneficial nematodes have the power to kill over 100 kinds of pests from the insect family. Some act like cruisers, meaning that they roam around the soil looking for their prey, which ideally doesn’t move much, like white grubs or other larvae. Others will stay sedentary and wait to ambush their victims as they pass by.Grubs are a type of beetle larva that can cause extensive damage to your lawn. They feed on the roots of grass and other plants, leaving your lawn looking patchy and unhealthy. If ... Warm temperatures and ample soil moisture are critical to the effectiveness of beneficial nematodes in controlling soil inhabiting pests. Nematode products applied to turfgrass for control of white grubs must be watered in soon (within 15 to 20 minutes) after application. Shelf life of nematode products is reduced by storage at high temperatures. Nema Globe Nematodes Flea and Chinch Busters, Controls Flea Larva, Pet Safe, Covers 3,000 sq ft, (Approx 25 Million Beneficial Nematodes) Add ... (SF) for Organic Natural Outdoor Lawn and Garden Flea, Grub Control, 10 Million Size in 16 oz Container. Add $ 59 99. current price $59.99. The nematode is naturally occurring and mass reared. For destructive scarab/curl grub we recommend Heterorhabditis zealandica. These natural predators won’t harm people, pets, plants or beneficial insects. Apply at a rate of 15 Million nematodes per 100 - 125 m2. All scarab curl grubs are best treated when the larvae are visible. Fungus gnat. Japanese beetle. Common turf grubs. Black vine weevil. Kiyyah / Getty Images. How to Use Nematodes for Pest Control. The most important information when considering applying …NemaKnights Nematodes Slow-Release Biological Gnat Control, Shakeble Nematode Pearls for Fungus Gnat & Thrips in Containers and Gardens, 10 oz (Treats up to Approx 1,000 sq ft or 50 Containers) 4.2 out of 5 stars 101Jun 9, 2021 · The pest grubs will move higher in the soil when it is wet – so it will be easier for the nematodes to attack them. Watering will lower the soil temperature. If the nematodes are trapped in tight thatch, watering may help them move down through the thatch. Next, let’s take a look at the insect pests that these organisms target. Nematode Prey Figure 1. White grubs are the immature (larval) stage of many diferent beetle species. The grubs feed on the roots of the grass in your lawn and can cause damage if present at …Learn how to use beneficial nematodes, microscopic predatory worms that hunt down and kill grubs, as a non-chemical solution to get rid of Japanese beetles, European chafers, and other grubs in your lawn. Find …Fight grubs naturally with beneficial nematodes, naturally occurring microscopic worms that prey on grubs. An enemy of my enemy is my friend!Dig up square-foot (30 cm by 30 cm) portions of lawn where the dead grass meets the green grass. Dig to a depth of about two inches (five cm) Look for C-shaped bugs with legs on the inside of the body near the head. If you find these larvae, it means you have grubs. 3. Decide if you need to treat.Nema Globe Nematodes Flea and Chinch Busters, Controls Flea Larva, Pet Safe, Covers 3,000 sq ft, (Approx 25 Million Beneficial Nematodes) Add ... (SF) for Organic Natural Outdoor Lawn and Garden Flea, Grub Control, 10 Million Size in 16 oz Container. Add $ 59 99. current price $59.99.Beneficial Nematodes Kill Grubs in Lawns. Spraying beneficial nematodes on grass can eliminate beetle grubs from lawns naturally. Nematodes are tiny parasitic worms that invade the bodies of white grubs. They then release bacteria that infect and kill the grass-destroying grubs. Using nematodes for …The nematodes enter the bodies of leatherjackets and infect them with a bacterial disease. They are not specific to leatherjackets and may also affect other insects in the soil and so should be used in a targeted manner. To be effective, the nematodes require soil that is well drained but moist and with a minimum temperature of 12°C …Japanese beetles feed on the leaves, flowers or fruit of more than 300 species of plants. Japanese beetle grubs are pests of turfgrass. They chew grass roots, causing the turf to brown and die. Grub-damaged turf pulls up easily from the soil, like a loose carpet. Japanese beetle infestations in Minnesota are mostly found in the Twin Cities ...Learn how to use beneficial nematodes, microscopic predatory worms that hunt down and kill grubs, as a non-chemical solution to get rid of Japanese beetles, European chafers, and other grubs in your lawn. Find …Grub worms can be killed by both natural methods and by purchasing grub worm treatments. Natural methods include applying milky spores or neem oil to the affected area or adding ne...Natures Grub Control - Proven Effective! Green Earth Grub Busters Nematodes control a variety of destructive insect larvae, including White Grubs, ...The oral anticoagulants available in the UK are warfarin, acenocoumarol, phenindione, dabigatran etexilate and rivaroxabanand apixaban. Try our Symptom Checker Got any other sympto...Nematodes (tiny, microscopic roundworms) can also be applied to control grubs. They should be applied when the grubs are young and not overpopulated. It is best to do so in late summer or early fall. A second application is highly recommended. Be sure to do your research about the proper way to prepare and apply nematodes for grub control.Hose End Feeder for applying Nematodes. £23.99 (VAT incl.) (226) For use with Nemaslug, Vine Weevil Killer, Chafer Grub Killer and LeatherJacket Killer. In Stock - Delivery by 2nd Class Post. Add to basket. Showing 1-7 of 7 item (s) Use Nemasys Chafer Grub Killer to deal with a chafer grub infestation, without any of the …Commercial insect-parasitic nematodes are also available for white grub control. Nematodes work better under moist soil conditions than in dry soils. If targeting white grubs, use a product containing the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (not Steinernema carpocapsae, which is better suited for controlling turf caterpillars).The nematodes enter the bodies of leatherjackets and infect them with a bacterial disease. They are not specific to leatherjackets and may also affect other insects in the soil and so should be used in a targeted manner. To be effective, the nematodes require soil that is well drained but moist and with a minimum temperature of 12°C …A Pin Unlock Key (PUK) is a code assigned to your cell phone's SIM card by your service provider. If you have entered an incorrect pin, the phone will lock and prompt you to enter ...Part 3 UK Spring Lawncare, Control grubs, leather jackets and chafer grubs with this UK spring Lawncare plan. Not sponsored.Subscribe for more Lawncare Video...Place the entire sponge in a bucket add two quarts of water, squeeze sponge for a few minutes to get the nematodes out of the sponge. Discard the sponge and pour the bucket of water into a sprayer or watering can. Add another gallon of water to dilute the nematodes and to make up the volume for your sprayer. The 10 Mil.1 Mar 2023 ... Parasitic nematodes are tiny, parasitic worms that are not harmful to humans, animals, or plants. These occur naturally and can be purchased ...The move comes as part of JetBlue's updated coronavirus-response measures. As travelers slowly begin to return to the skies, U.S. airlines have been implementing new procedures tha...The summer chafer is light brown, about 16mm long, and distinctly hairy. One species of chafer grub is often found in compost heaps, the larvae of the rose chafer ( Cetonia aurata) . This is a species that feeds on decomposing organic matter and is a useful part of garden biodiveristy. The adult beetles are about 2 cm long and …Chafer grubs: identifying the useful species. The larvae of the flower chafer and rhinoceros beetles are beneficial organisms. The rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes nasicornis) is the largest representative of the scarab beetle family and is a protected species.It can grow between 2.5 and 4 cm in size.These microscopic worms are a natural pest control method that can be used to eliminate soil-dwelling insects such as grubs, fleas, and other harmful pests. Nematodes work by entering the bodies of their …How to Get Rid of Grubs Naturally. Below are some of the best organic solutions and home remedies for grub control. 1. Beneficial Nematodes. This is a popular eco-friendly method to control grubs in your vegetable garden, flower beds, and grass lawns. Beneficial nematodes actively seek out these soil-dwelling pests.Grub, the son of Jane Goodall and photographer Hugo van Lawick, was born Hugo Eric Louis van Lawick. He was born on March 4 1967, the year after his mother received her PhD in anim...Using Beneficial Nematodes for Grub Control. Nematode Biology. Nematodes are microscopic, non-segmented worms which occur naturally in soil all over the world. …LawnGrubFree Nematodes get right down to the roots of the lawn to control the grubs which feed on the roots and cause yellow patches in the grass. Birds, badgers and foxes can also tear at the lawn to get to the grubs causing more damage. This nematode control can prevent this damage and give you a lush green healthy lawn.Hurry, CSX Stock Is Starting to Leave the Station...CSX Employees of TheStreet are prohibited from trading individual securities. The bulls deserve the benefit of the doubt now tha...Figure 1. White grubs are the immature (larval) stage of many diferent beetle species. The grubs feed on the roots of the grass in your lawn and can cause damage if present at …May 22, 2020 · imidacloprid 0.25% and a low fertilizer rate (6-0-1) Apply between June 1 and July 15 for best results. Premium Grub Control (Do not confuse with “Premium Insect Control”) imidacloprid 0.2% - Granular. Apply between June 1 and July 15 for best results. Bayer Advanced Complete Insect Killer Liquid attach-to-hose-bottle. Beneficial nematodes serve as a natural and eco-friendly alternative to chemical pesticides. They effectively combat various pest insects, including grubs, weevils, and root maggots, among others. Additionally, beneficial nematodes are utilized in managing soil-borne diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and other pathogens. Raccoons dig lawns to feed on the grubs in your lawn. The most effective method to stop raccoons from digging is to reduce the number of grubs in the soil. Beneficial nematodes will kill the larvae of cockchafer beetles, ants, fleas, moths, beetles, flies, weevils, and other pests that raccoons feed on. My friend contacted me as their garden ...Apr 20, 2015 · Proper handling and application is also critical, and the environment must be made suitable for the nematode. Grubs must be present in the turfgrass area to be treated. Infective juvenile nematodes will need a food source rapidly after application; meaning curative applications with a known grub infestation are necessary. . If you have income that doesn't automatically have sufficient taxes withheld from it, like self-employment or investment income, you might have to make quarterly estimated tax paym...Nematodes are tiny roundworms—so tiny you need a microscope to see them. While some are pests because they eat your plants, others are beneficial because they kill insects —including many pests. These nematodes that kill insects are called entomopathogenic nematodes, or EPNs, for short. They are completely harmless to you and your plants …The 1936 Dodge D2 Convertible Sedan was nicknamed 'Beauty Winner' by the Chrysler Corporation. See why in these gorgeous pictures. Advertisement The 1936 Dodge D2 Convertible Sedan...June 9, 2021 by Helga George, PhD. Are predatory insects plaguing your garden? While there are many types of beneficial nematodes, insecticidal ones are naturally occurring microscopic organisms that live and feed on …Mark Cullen demonstrates how to manage grubs in your lawn using environmentally friendly nematodes. Apply in spring (mid-May to mid-June) and fall (mid-Augus...OPTION 1: NEMATODES. If you’re looking for a natural way to rid your lawn of grubs, consider introducing beneficial nematodes to your lawn. Nematodes (typically of the Heterorhabditis ...9 Aug 2022 ... It says, “Organic options include beneficial nematodes or simply letting crows, skunks and raccoons dig up the grubs and replanting grass.A mixture of nematode species for controlling vegetable pests is sold as Fruit and Vegetable Protection, the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora is sold as a control for wireworm. These are available from some biological control suppliers (pdf document). To be effective the nematodes need to be watered into moist soil while soil temperatures ...Safer's Sticky Sticks, 12-pk. 4.6. (247) $11.99. Safer’s® Sticky Strips™ Insect Traps. Natural Insect Control Garden Defender Nematodes is a specialty blend of beneficial nematodes designed to target and eliminate garden pests. This product offers a natural solution for pest control in both flower and vege.Grub killers come in the form of a species of nematodes called Heterorhabditis bacteriophora that can target and control larvae. Nematodes are safe to use around children, pets, and wildlife. 'Nematodes are available by mail order and arrive in small parcels,' says Ruth Hayes, gardening editor for Amateur … Grubs are one of the hardest lawn pests to deal with. Grubs are white or yellowish and have fleshy, wrinkled, C-shaped bodies with tan or brown heads and six spiny legs. They are quite small when they hatch, but when fully grown are from 2 to 4 cm (.75 to 1.5 inches), depending on the species. The most common white grubs infesting turf in ... Commercial insect-parasitic nematodes are also available for white grub control. Nematodes work better under moist soil conditions than in dry soils. If targeting white grubs, use a product containing the nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (not Steinernema carpocapsae, which is better suited for controlling turf caterpillars).Learn how beneficial nematodes work, how to buy and apply them, and the pros and cons of this alternative pest control method. Find out the best time, species, …Price. 1. £10.99. 2+. £10.49. Control vine weevil grubs naturally by applying Nemasys® Vine Weevil Killer. Containing natural nematodes found in UK soil, it has been approved for use in organic gardening by the Soil Association. Nemasys® Vine Weevil Killer needs a soil temperature of 5c, so use it UNDERGLASS all year round or apply OUTDOORS ...Chafer grubs. If your lawn has yellow patches and looks like it has been dug up, chances are you have chafer grubs. The damage comes from the birds, foxes and badgers who dig for these tasty morsels. The grubs can be controlled by the nematode Heterorhabitis bacteriophora, one of the oldest known and best of the insect parasitic nematodes. It ...Jul 26, 2019 · Nematodes for grub control are beneficial and are effective for various reasons. 1. They can be used against a wide range of insect pests. 2. Hosts of nematodes are killed within 48 hours of infection. 3. Nematodes can be bred on artificial media, which makes them readily available for commercial use. 4. How to Apply Beneficial Nematodes for Natural Grub Control. Beneficial Nematodes for Grub Control are easy to apply. A hose end sprayer is probably the preferred method of application. The nematodes come in a powder and you add the powder to some water in your hose end sprayer, shake it up, and apply it over the area you'd like to treat, until ... These microscopic worms are a natural pest control method that can be used to eliminate soil-dwelling insects such as grubs, fleas, and other harmful pests. Nematodes work by entering the bodies of their …Grub worms can be killed by both natural methods and by purchasing grub worm treatments. Natural methods include applying milky spores or neem oil to the affected area or adding ne...Each package contains Beneficial Nematodes specie: Hb (Heterohabditis bacteriophora). Live delivery guaranteed. Storage temperature 36-45˚F. DO NOT FREEZE store unactivated nematodes for up to 30 days. Once activated nematodes must be released within 6 hours. Store nematodes in the dark. Not …Chafer Grub Killer Nematodes. £13.39 - £127.50 (ex.VAT) Our Chafer Grub Killer Nematodes contain the nematode; Heterohabditis bacteriophora. These nematodes will enter the Chafer Grub via a natural opening, like the mouth and kill the pest. A … pests in the soil. Beneficial nematodes have been shown to be as much as 96% effective against Japanese beetle grubs in field studies. Nematode Use Guide Although many species of beneficial nematodes are available, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hb) nematodes are most effective against Japanese beetles, European chafers and other grubs that are ... Access the American Heart Association's archive of the Vascular Discovery conference. Explore the latest research and advances in cardiovascular medicine. 2022 Archive May 11 – 14,...Grub, the son of Jane Goodall and photographer Hugo van Lawick, was born Hugo Eric Louis van Lawick. He was born on March 4 1967, the year after his mother received her PhD in anim... The Best Months to Apply Nematodes. By looking at the above life cycle, it’s clear that the best time to apply beneficial nematodes to control the Japanese beetles is in early October when the third instar grubs start moving deeper into the soil to the overwintering sites. However, this ranges depending on the life cycle of the insect. Dig up square-foot (30 cm by 30 cm) portions of lawn where the dead grass meets the green grass. Dig to a depth of about two inches (five cm) Look for C-shaped bugs with legs on the inside of the body near the head. If you find these larvae, it means you have grubs. 3. Decide if you need to treat.The Insider Trading Activity of WEISENBURGER RANDALL J on Markets Insider. Indices Commodities Currencies StocksPast October the grubs burrow deeper into the soil where they're harder for the nematodes to find and kill them. So there you have it. Get rid of those gross grubs that gorge on your grass. Grimmediately. One package of Nematodes like this costs $25 and will treat 2,000 - 4,000 square feet of lawn.Dig up square-foot (30 cm by 30 cm) portions of lawn where the dead grass meets the green grass. Dig to a depth of about two inches (five cm) Look for C-shaped bugs with legs on the inside of the body near the head. If you find these larvae, it means you have grubs. 3. Decide if you need to treat.Southwest Airlines will pull out of Newark this fall, ending all flights at the New York City-area airport in November. Southwest tied the decision to the ongoing grounding of the ...Safer's Sticky Sticks, 12-pk. 4.6. (247) $11.99. Safer’s® Sticky Strips™ Insect Traps. Natural Insect Control Garden Defender Nematodes is a specialty blend of beneficial nematodes designed to target and eliminate garden pests. This product offers a natural solution for pest control in both flower and vege.Writers, editors and producers at the personal finance magazine MONEY share the best financial advice they learned from their moms. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receive newslet...June 9, 2021 by Helga George, PhD. Are predatory insects plaguing your garden? While there are many types of beneficial nematodes, insecticidal ones are naturally occurring microscopic organisms that live and feed on …Water the application area saturating the top 2 inches of soil. Mix the package of nematodes with water according to the instructions. Use a watering can, hose with a sprayer attachment, or a mister to disperse the nematode solution. Water a second time to move the organisms into the soil. Keep soil moist for two …Binance breached eight provisions of the Commodity Exchange Act, the US regulator said in a complaint filed in a Chicago federal court Monday. Jump to Two major cryptocurrencies — ...Nematodes are tiny roundworms—so tiny you need a microscope to see them. While some are pests because they eat your plants, others are beneficial because they kill insects —including many pests. These nematodes that kill insects are called entomopathogenic nematodes, or EPNs, for short. They are completely harmless to you and your plants …Grub, the son of Jane Goodall and photographer Hugo van Lawick, was born Hugo Eric Louis van Lawick. He was born on March 4 1967, the year after his mother received her PhD in anim...LawnSavers, your top grub control company in the GTA, has been utilizing cutting edge “Nematodes” a type of roundworm, for years to naturally manage populations of White Grubs in your Soil. There are literally thousands of species of Nematodes in the world, but only a few known to be helpful combatting against typical turfgrass damaging ...Nematodes are effective and fast-acting when it comes to killing grubs. It generally takes between 1-3 days for nematodes to cause mortality in grubs. In the days after nematode application, grub populations tend to quickly decline, as the tiny worms effectively enter through their natural openings (i. e. mouth, spiracles, and anus) and disrupt ...May 22, 2020 · imidacloprid 0.25% and a low fertilizer rate (6-0-1) Apply between June 1 and July 15 for best results. Premium Grub Control (Do not confuse with “Premium Insect Control”) imidacloprid 0.2% - Granular. Apply between June 1 and July 15 for best results. Bayer Advanced Complete Insect Killer Liquid attach-to-hose-bottle. Beneficial nematodes are tiny, usually microscopic, roundworms that can be applied to control caterpillars or grubs. Nematodes move within moist soil and enter a suitable host. The nematodes, along with an associated bacteria, kill the host within a few days. Select a nematode species that is most effective against the target pest. The grubs feed near the surface in mid- to late spring, and later again in early August. Nematodes for lawn grub control is a proven solution to eliminate grubs at the source before the replication process begins. Lawn grub control is as simple as applying Wilson GRUB OUT Nematodes to your lawn in spring and/or late summer. The beneficial ... 27,334. 917. CENTRAL MAINE zone 4B. I would not consider using insecticide on any land that my chickens would be on. There are some bacterial grub killers that would be safe, and there's a nematode which can be used on certain grubs. If you live in the right climate, the nematodes can be applied once, and will then persist in the soil for more ...Learn how nematodes, microscopic worms that live in soil and water, can help control grubs in lawns by killing them with bacteria. Find out the best species of nematodes for different types of grubs, when and how to apply them, and the benefits of using them over chemical pesticides. See more Product Overview Description. Wilson GrubOut Nematodes is a product designed to attack and kill white grubs (European chafers, Japanese beetles, June beetle larvae), leather jackets, fungus gnats, onion maggots, fleas and flea larvae, black vine weevils, billbugs, sod worms and cutworms. Nematodes prey on the larval stage of most insects, so you must learn when larvae are present. On the lawn, grubs usually appear and feed on roots during the late summer and early fall. Apply nematodes at dawn or dusk, because high levels of ultraviolet rays from the sun can kill them.LawnSavers, your top grub control company in the GTA, has been utilizing cutting edge “Nematodes” a type of roundworm, for years to naturally manage populations of White Grubs in your Soil. There are literally thousands of species of Nematodes in the world, but only a few known to be helpful combatting against typical turfgrass damaging ...The move comes as part of JetBlue's updated coronavirus-response measures. As travelers slowly begin to return to the skies, U.S. airlines have been implementing new procedures tha...How to Apply Nematodes. Apply to wet soil, as nematodes will die on the dry ground. UV light kills them, so apply early, late, or on cloudy/rainy days. Do not apply when temperatures are above 30°C or below 14°C. Spray on the lawn using a specially designed sprayer for the application of nematodes. Water the soil soon after application to ...Get ratings and reviews for the top 11 gutter companies in Laguna Woods, CA. Helping you find the best gutter companies for the job. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home All Projec...Earlier this week, I took a short-notice trip from Atlanta (ATL) to Orlando (MCO) to cover opening day of Universal's theme parks. I found out the morning be... Earlier this week, ...Beneficial nematodes have the power to kill over 100 kinds of pests from the insect family. Some act like cruisers, meaning that they roam around the soil looking for their prey, which ideally doesn’t move much, like white grubs or other larvae. Others will stay sedentary and wait to ambush their victims as they pass by.Learn how nematodes, microscopic worms that live in soil and water, can help control grubs in lawns by killing them with bacteria. Find out the best species of nematodes for different types of grubs, when and how to apply them, and the benefits of using them over chemical pesticides. See moreThe best grub worm control: Beneficial nematodes (species Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) Beneficial nematodes are microscopic predators of all four species of grub worms. Applied in late spring when the soil temperature is above 60 degrees F, these minuscule worm-like creatures seek out and kill grubs throughout the …Grubs are one of the hardest lawn pests to deal with. Grubs are white or yellowish and have fleshy, wrinkled, C-shaped bodies with tan or brown heads and six spiny legs. They are quite small when they hatch, but when fully grown are from 2 to 4 cm (.75 to 1.5 inches), depending on the species. The most common white grubs … pests in the soil. Beneficial nematodes have been shown to be as much as 96% effective against Japanese beetle grubs in field studies. Nematode Use Guide Although many species of beneficial nematodes are available, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Hb) nematodes are most effective against Japanese beetles, European chafers and other grubs that are ... ---1