Research the 2024 Mazda CX-50 with our expert reviews and ratings. Edmunds also has Mazda CX-50 pricing, MPG, specs, pictures, safety features, consumer reviews and more. Our comprehensive ...Mazda CX-5. 2022 Mazda CX-5 MPG. Based on data from 54 vehicles, 2,622 fuel-ups and 674,086 miles of driving, the 2022 Mazda CX-5 gets a combined Avg MPG of 24.09 with …With two engine options, the CX-5 has two fuel-economy ratings. The base 2.5-liter engine is rated at 24 mpg in the city and 30 mpg on the highway. The more powerful turbocharged engine is rated ...Mazda > CX-5 II 2.2 SKYACTIV-D (150 Hp) WLTP, MPG, Fuel consumption ; Urban. 6,1 lt/100km. 46 MPG (UK) - 39 MPG (US) ; Highway. 5,1 lt/100km. 55 MPG (UK) - 46 MPG ...With two engine options, the CX-5 has two fuel-economy ratings. The base 2.5-liter engine is rated at 24 mpg in the city and 30 mpg on the highway. The more powerful turbocharged engine is rated ...Detailed specs and features for the 2023 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S including dimensions, horsepower, engine, capacity, fuel economy, transmission, engine type, cylinders, drivetrain and more. The 2024 Mazda CX-5 is a longtime favorite and comes highly recommended, ... EPA Fuel Economy, combined/city/highway (mpg) 25 / 23 / 29. EPA Fuel Economy Equivalent (for hybrid and electric ... More on the CX-50 SUV. 2023 Mazda CX-50 Tested: More of a Good Thing; Fuel Economy and Real-World MPG. The most efficient CX-50 is the one with the base four-cylinder.Mazda. Mazda CX-5. Used 2013 Mazda CX-5. MPG & Gas Mileage Data. View detailed gas mileage data for the 2013 Mazda CX-5. Use our handy tool to get estimated annual fuel costs based on your driving ...What Is the 2020 Mazda CX-5? The Mazda CX-5 compact SUV seats five and offers a choice of two four-cylinder engines: a 187-horsepower, 2.5-liter four-cylinder or an available 250-hp, turbocharged ...gigohlo fueled-up their 2022 Mazda CX-5. Last Tank: 18.6 MPG 3 hours ago; whiskers fueled-up their 2023 Mazda CX-5. Last Tank: 26.0 MPG 9 hours ago; danielfksek fueled-up their 2023 Mazda CX-5. Last Tank: 26.7 MPG 9 hours ago; kellykelly added 1 notes for their 2015 Mazda CX-5. 12 hours ago; kambo fueled-up their 2021 Mazda CX-5. Last Tank: … Save up to $5,227 on one of 11,733 used 2022 Mazda CX-5s near you. Find your perfect car with Edmunds expert reviews, car comparisons, and pricing tools. Mazda CX-5 MPG. 4,364 Mazda CX-5s have provided 79.4 million miles of real world fuel economy & MPG data. Click here to view only the Mazda CX-5s with MPG currently …The Mazda CX-5 sees a slight price increase for 2014, now starting at $21,990 for a base front-wheel-drive Sport model with the 2.0-liter four-cylinder (all prices include a $795 destination ...kvetcha fueled-up their 2013 Mazda CX-5. Last Tank: 25.0 MPG 1 hour ago; imperium added a 2021 Mazda CX-5 to their garage. 1 hour ago; jacura fueled-up their 2015 Mazda CX-5. Last Tank: 31.6 MPG 1 hour ago; ckiekens fueled-up their 2023 Mazda CX-5. Last Tank: 25.4 MPG 1 hour ago; marcosshg added 1 notes for their 2015 Mazda CX-5. 2 hours agoThe price of the 2022 Mazda CX-5 starts at $27,525 and goes up to $40,275 depending on the trim and options. We think the new Turbo trim best exemplifies the CX-5. With the …Sep 30, 2022 ... 2022 Mazda CX-5 MPG: Up to 24 city / 30 highway. Experience the MAZDA CX-5 In Action at Hello Mazda of Valencia. Now that you've read about the ...Learn about the features, performance, and fuel economy of the 2024 Mazda CX-5, a compact crossover with a sporty and luxurious interior. Compare the different trims, …2024 Mazda CX-5. EPA MPG Owner MPG Estimates 2024 Mazda CX-5 4WD 4 cyl, 2.5 L, Automatic (S6) Regular Gasoline: Not Available. How can I share my MPG? Combined MPG: 28. combined. city/highway. MPG. City MPG: 26. city. Highway MPG: 31. highway. 3.6 gals/ 100 miles . View detailed gas mileage data for the 2023 Mazda CX-50. Use our handy tool to get estimated annual fuel costs based on your driving habits. ... Mazda CX-5. 4.22 out of 5 stars (23 reviews total ... See the 2024 MAZDA CX-5 price range, expert review, consumer reviews, safety ratings, and listings near you. ... fuel economy is a little better than last year. It achieves 28 combined mpg (26 ...2024 Mazda CX-5. EPA MPG Owner MPG Estimates 2024 Mazda CX-5 4WD 4 cyl, 2.5 L, Automatic (S6) Regular Gasoline: Not Available. How can I share my MPG? Combined MPG: 28. combined. city/highway. MPG. City MPG: 26. city. Highway MPG: 31. highway. 3.6 gals/ 100 miles . With two engine options, the CX-5 has two fuel-economy ratings. The base 2.5-liter engine is rated at 24 mpg in the city and 30 mpg on the highway. The more powerful turbocharged engine is rated ... 12.4 barrels/yr. 370 grams/mile. 367 miles. Total Range. Page 1. 2020. Mazda. Fuel economy of the 2020 Mazda CX-5. 1984 to present Buyer's Guide to Fuel Efficient Cars and Trucks. Estimates of gas mileage, greenhouse gas emissions, safety ratings, and air pollution ratings for new and used cars and trucks. Tula is a new company founded with the specific purpose of developing user-friendly hardware and software for sound capture, and its debut product, the Tula Mic, is now shipping af...Fuel Economy of 2023 Mazda Vehicles. EPA MPG Owner MPG Estimates 2023 Mazda 3 4-Door 2WD 4 cyl, 2.0 L, Automatic (S6) Regular Gasoline: Not Available ... 2023 Mazda CX-5 4WD 4 cyl, 2.5 L, Automatic (S6) Regular Gasoline: Not Available. How can I share my MPG? Combined MPG: 24. combined. city/highway. MPG. City MPG: 22. The price of the 2019 Mazda CX-5 starts at $25,395 and goes up to $37,935 depending on the trim and options. ... Fuel Economy and Real-World MPG. The CX-5 has average EPA estimates compared with ... Sep 30, 2022 ... 2022 Mazda CX-5 MPG: Up to 24 city / 30 highway. Experience the MAZDA CX-5 In Action at Hello Mazda of Valencia. Now that you've read about the ...The base engine is more efficient, earning 32 mpg. 3. The Mazda CX-5 boasts refined exterior styling. Mazda redesigned the CX-5’s headlight structure and …Make it happen. During our testing, the 2020 Mazda CX-5 MPG number for the turbo came out at an impressive 33 miles to the gallon on the highway at 73 mph. This seems a little unbelievable for such a high-riding, 250-horsepower turbocharged car, but compared to Car and Driver’s 31-MPG claim at 75 mph, it does seem within a margin of …2023 Mazda CX-5. Compact SUV. Seats 5. Standard AWD. Up to 7.9 L/100 km hwy 2 . 2023 Mazda CX-50. Compact SUV. Seats 5. Standard AWD. Up to 7.9 L/100 km hwy 1 . 2023 Mazda3. Compact Sedan. ... 1 Estimated fuel economy based on Government of Canada’s approved, revised 5-cycle testing method. Your actual fuel consumption may …See all data. With the 162-horsepower 2.0L I4 engine, 6-speed manual transmission, and front-wheel drive, the 2021 Mazda CX-5 has been averaging 32.7 MPG (miles per gallon). The 2021 Mazda CX-5s in this analysis were driven mostly on the highway at an average speed of 110 miles per hour (about 70 percent of the miles driven).The 2024 Mazda CX-5's #1 ranking is based on its score within the Compact SUVs category. It is a finalist for our 2024 Best Compact SUV for the Money award. Currently the Mazda CX-5 has a score of 8.5 out of 10, which is based on our evaluation of 48 pieces of research and data elements using various sources. #The exact MPG any engine gets depends on the vehicle it’s used in, but the 6.6-liter Duramax diesel engine gets an EPA-estimated 15 MPGs in city driving and 20 MPGs on highway driv...Fuel economy of the 2019 Mazda CX-5. 1984 to present Buyer's Guide to Fuel Efficient Cars and Trucks. Estimates of gas mileage, greenhouse gas emissions, safety ratings, and air pollution ratings for new and used cars and trucks. ... 2019 Mazda CX-5 2WD 2.2 L, 4 cyl, Automatic (S6), Turbo, Diesel: 29: MPG 28: 31: combined city/hwy city: hwy: 3. ... 10.6 barrels/yr. 311 grams/mile. 414 miles. Total Range. Page 1. Fuel economy of the 2020 Mazda CX-5. 1984 to present Buyer's Guide to Fuel Efficient Cars and Trucks. Estimates of gas mileage, greenhouse gas emissions, safety ratings, and air pollution ratings for new and used cars and trucks. The 2024 Mazda CX-5 gets 26 mpg in the city and 31 mpg on the highway when equipped with the base engine. Models with the turbo-four get 22/27 mpg city/highway. These are standard estimates for the compact SUV segment. AWD: 24/30 mpg ; 2018 Mazda CX-5 Towing Capacity . The CX-5 can tow up to 2,000 pounds when properly equipped. Read more about CX-5 performance » 2018 CX-5 Interior How Many People Does the 2018 CX-5 Seat? The Mazda CX-5 is a two-row SUV with five seats. The front seats are comfy and supportive, and the driving position is …AWD: 24/30 mpg ; 2018 Mazda CX-5 Towing Capacity . The CX-5 can tow up to 2,000 pounds when properly equipped. Read more about CX-5 performance » 2018 CX-5 Interior How Many People Does the 2018 CX-5 Seat? The Mazda CX-5 is a two-row SUV with five seats. The front seats are comfy and supportive, and the driving position is …The Soldiers Channel contains information about some of the technology used by our soldiers. Check out soldier articles at HowStuffWorks. Advertisement Ever wondered what it's like...Tape plastic over your car window frame as a quick fix when your window is broken, or you are unable to shut the window. This can be necessary if you find yourself the victim of a ... 12.4 barrels/yr. 370 grams/mile. 367 miles. Total Range. Page 1. 2020. Mazda. Fuel economy of the 2020 Mazda CX-5. 1984 to present Buyer's Guide to Fuel Efficient Cars and Trucks. Estimates of gas mileage, greenhouse gas emissions, safety ratings, and air pollution ratings for new and used cars and trucks. Mazda CX-5 fuel economy. Home; Mazda CX-5; Mazda CX-5; Year Volume City (L/100Km) Highway (L/100Km) Combined (L/100Km) Year. Volume. City. Highway. Combined. 2013: 2.0: 10.2 ...The CX-5 follows the Mazda3 compact car in getting the automaker’s new SkyActiv engine: a 155-horsepower, direct-injection four-cylinder whose efficiency helps the Mazda3 eke out 40 mpg highway ...We retested it and came back with slightly better numbers—19.7/31.2/23.6 mpg. That's pretty close to the EPA claim for highway and combined mileage but still low …The new Mazda CX-5 comes standard with a SKYACTIVⓇ-G 2.5L four-cylinder engine that makes 187 hp and 186 lb-ft of torque. The 2021 Mazda CX-5 Grand Touring Reserve, Carbon Edition Turbo, and Mazda CX-5 Signature, on the other hand, boast a SKYACTIVⓇ-G 2.5T four-cylinder engine that produces up to 250 hp and 310 lb …Research the 2024 Mazda CX-50 with our expert reviews and ratings. Edmunds also has Mazda CX-50 pricing, MPG, specs, pictures, safety features, consumer reviews and more. Our comprehensive ...Mazda CX-5 fuel economy. Home; Mazda CX-5; Mazda CX-5; Year Volume City (L/100Km) Highway (L/100Km) Combined (L/100Km) Year. Volume. City. Highway. …Mazda CX-5 MPG. 4,364 Mazda CX-5s have provided 79.4 million miles of real world fuel economy & MPG data. Click here to view only the Mazda CX-5s with MPG currently … With two engine options, the CX-5 has two fuel-economy ratings. The base 2.5-liter engine is rated at 24 mpg in the city and 30 mpg on the highway. The more powerful turbocharged engine is rated ... Feb 10, 2024 ... The 2024 Mazda CX-5 is a great small compact crossover SUV, but how good or bad is the fuel efficiency? In this YouTube shorts video I ...The Mazda MINAGI (Japanese: マツダ 勢) concept car, unveiled at the 2011 Geneva Motor Show, was the first Mazda vehicle to combine the company's Kodo design language and Skyactiv technologies. Its design served as a preview of the CX-5. In rapid development from 2009 to 2011 under Hideaki Tanaka and styled under Masashi Nakayama from 2009 to …The most accurate 2022 Mazda CX-5s MPG estimates based on real world results of 676 thousand miles driven in 54 Mazda CX-5s 2022 Mazda CX-5 MPG - Actual MPG from 54 2022 Mazda CX-5 owners Click here to see important news regarding the aCar App 2023 Mazda CX-5 4WD. Personalize. Add a Vehicle. 2.5 L, 4 cyl, Automatic (S6) MSRP: $26,700 - $39,650. 2023 Mazda CX-5 4WD. EPA Fuel Economy. The Mazda CX-5 continues with two engine options, both displacing 2.5 liters. The non-turbo unit makes 187 hp and 186 lb-ft of torque. The upgraded turbo delivers 227 hp and 310 lb-ft of torque ...See the 2024 MAZDA CX-5 price range, expert review, consumer reviews, safety ratings, and listings near you. ... fuel economy is a little better than last year. It achieves 28 combined mpg (26 ...Learn how home modifications can improve safety and comfort for seniors. Get expert advice on creating an accessible living space. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Lates.... More on the CX-5 SUV. Tested: 2017 Mazda CX-5 FWD; 2017 Mazda CX-5 AWD Test: High Five; Fuel Economy. EPA fuel-economy testing and reporting procedures have changed over time.The 2024 Mazda CX-5 is a longtime favorite and comes highly recommended, ... EPA Fuel Economy, combined/city/highway (mpg) 25 / 23 / 29. EPA Fuel Economy Equivalent (for hybrid and electric ...The 2024 Mazda CX-5's #1 ranking is based on its score within the Compact SUVs category. It is a finalist for our 2024 Best Compact SUV for the Money award. Currently the Mazda CX-5 has a score of 8.5 out of 10, which is based on our evaluation of 48 pieces of research and data elements using various sources. # View detailed gas mileage data for the 2023 Mazda CX-50. Use our handy tool to get estimated annual fuel costs based on your driving habits. ... Mazda CX-5. 4.22 out of 5 stars (23 reviews total ... Apr 29, 2021 ... New Mazda CX-5 (165 HP) - manual gearbox (6 speed) ➤ Please like & subscribe on my channel! Fuel consumption - info data: Avg. consumption: ...The most accurate 2023 Mazda CX-5s MPG estimates based on real world results of 329 thousand miles driven in 60 Mazda CX-5s 2023 Mazda CX-5 MPG - Actual MPG from 60 2023 Mazda CX-5 owners Click here to see important news regarding the aCar AppMake it happen. During our testing, the 2020 Mazda CX-5 MPG number for the turbo came out at an impressive 33 miles to the gallon on the highway at 73 mph. This seems a little unbelievable for such a high-riding, 250-horsepower turbocharged car, but compared to Car and Driver’s 31-MPG claim at 75 mph, it does seem within a margin of …Everything you ever wanted to know about Food & Drink - Cooking - Thanksgiving. News, stories, photos, videos and more. Why use boring, new bread when you have savory stuffing just...Mar 30, 2022 · The Mazda CX-5 gets decent gas mileage, but it’s far from class-leading. Many small SUVs can get over 35 additional miles of driving range while costing drivers less money to refuel. Hybrid SUVs are capable of giving drivers over 100 more miles of range than the CX-5. The 2022 Mazda CX-5’s gas mileage is average compared to other small SUVs. Owner MPG Estimates 2013 Mazda CX-5 2WD 4 cyl, 2.0 L, Automatic (S6) Regular Gasoline: View Estimates How can I share my MPG? Combined MPG: 28. combined. city/highway. MPG. City MPG: 26. city. Highway MPG: 32. highway. 3.6 gals/ 100 miles . 2013 Mazda CX-5 2WD 4 cyl, 2.0 L, Manual 6-spd More on the CX-50 SUV. 2023 Mazda CX-50 Tested: More of a Good Thing; Fuel Economy and Real-World MPG. The most efficient CX-50 is the one with the base four-cylinder. gigohlo fueled-up their 2022 Mazda CX-5. Last Tank: 18.6 MPG 3 hours ago; whiskers fueled-up their 2023 Mazda CX-5. Last Tank: 26.0 MPG 9 hours ago; danielfksek fueled-up their 2023 Mazda CX-5. Last Tank: 26.7 MPG 9 hours ago; kellykelly added 1 notes for their 2015 Mazda CX-5. 12 hours ago; kambo fueled-up their 2021 Mazda CX-5. Last Tank: …Mazda CX-5 MPG. 4,364 Mazda CX-5s have provided 79.4 million miles of real world fuel economy & MPG data. Click here to view only the Mazda CX-5s with MPG currently …View detailed MPG and CO2 figures on the Mazda CX-5 specs pages. Servicing and warranty. Maximum service intervals are 12,500 miles or 12 months – …The Mazda3 is manufactured at automotive plants in Japan and Mexico, as of March 2015. Mazda’s Mexican plants have been in production since early 2014. Production for the Mazda3, w... The price of the 2019 Mazda CX-5 starts at $25,395 and goes up to $37,935 depending on the trim and options. ... Fuel Economy and Real-World MPG. The CX-5 has average EPA estimates compared with ... Aug 1, 2023 ... The 2023 CX-5 S cost $26,700, but the new base model is the 2.5 S Select that carries a $29,300 MSRP, up $800 from last year. Highway MPG: 30. highway. 3.8 gals/ 100 miles. 2022 Mazda CX-5 4WD 4 cyl, 2.5 L, Automatic (S6) Regular Gasoline. View Estimates. If the crypto industry doesn’t get clear rules of the road, expertise will move offshore, experts say. Coinbase was issued a Wells notice from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Comm...Feb 12, 2024 · Mazda CX-5 MPG & CO2 The CX-5 engine line-up still features diesels, with a few petrol alternatives that might appeal if you cover a low annual mileage. There are three petrol engine options ... The 2.5-liter turbocharged engine accelerates the CX-30 with much less effort than the naturally aspirated unit in our test vehicle. This non-turbo engine is also better on fuel. …View Gallery. One tiny zero changes everything with Mazda SUVs. The new-for-2023 CX-50 may seem like nothing more than a CX-5 with an off-road-ready look, but there's more to it than that. These ...2007 Mazda MX-5 Miata Top Speed: 130 mph. The Mazda MX-5 Miata is a trailblazing, iconic sports car. Its lightweight design and 1.8-liter inline-four engine allow for …Fuel economy of the 2018 Mazda CX-5. 1984 to present Buyer's Guide to Fuel Efficient Cars and Trucks. Estimates of gas mileage, greenhouse gas emissions, safety ratings, and air pollution ratings for new and used cars and trucks. ... 2018 Mazda CX-5 2WD 2.2 L, 4 cyl, Automatic (S6), Turbo, Diesel: 29: MPG 28: 31: combined city/hwy city: hwy: 3. ...Our new Mazda CX-90 PHEV yearlong review car has had a rough go of it this winter ... 23.4 mpg-e; 0.70 mi/kWh: Energy Cost Per Mile: $0.20: ... Plus What's …Jan 17, 2023 ... If the NA 2.5L 21 is low but not necessarily if you only drive in the city plus its winter. My 22 has 11,400 miles and averages 27.3 according ... Owner MPG Estimates 2013 Mazda CX-5 2WD 4 cyl, 2.0 L, Automatic (S6) Regular Gasoline: View Estimates ... 2013 Mazda CX-5 2WD 4 cyl, 2.0 L, Manual 6-spd 2022 Mazda CX-5 4WD Personalize Find a car: 4 cyl, 2.5 L, Automatic (S6) Compare: Fuel Economy; EPA MPG: Regular Gasoline Combined MPG: 24. combined. city/highway. MPG. City MPG: 22. city. Highway MPG: 27. highway. 4.2 gals/100 miles . Unofficial MPG Estimates Shared by Vehicle Owners : View EstimatesHighway MPG: 31. highway. 3.7 gals/ 100 miles. 2015 Mazda CX-5 4WD 4 cyl, 2.0 L, Automatic (S6) Regular Gasoline. View Estimates.Winner: 2023 Mazda CX-5. The most efficient version of the Mazda CX-5 is the non-turbo four-cylinder. It returns 24 mpg in the city and 30 mpg on the highway. The CX-5 with the turbocharged engine returns 22 mpg in the city and 27 mpg on the highway. The CX-9 returns fuel economy of 20 mpg in the city and 26 mpg on the highway.The Mazda CX-5 gets decent gas mileage, but it’s far from class-leading. Many small SUVs can get over 35 additional miles of driving range while costing drivers less money to refuel. Hybrid SUVs are capable of giving drivers over 100 more miles of range than the CX-5. The 2022 Mazda CX-5’s gas mileage is average compared to other …The 2024 Mazda CX-5 gets 26 mpg in the city and 31 mpg on the highway when equipped with the base engine. Models with the turbo-four get 22/27 mpg city/highway. These are standard estimates for the compact SUV segment. Advertisement. Handling and Braking.The Mazda Motor Corporation, a Japanese automaker based in the Hiroshima Prefecture, owns Mazda. Ford Motors used to be the major shareholder in the Mazda company, owning up to 33....2020 Mazda CX-5 Versus the Competition 2020 Mazda CX-5 vs. 2020 Mazda CX-30 . The 2020 Mazda CX-30 is a subcompact SUV that has less cargo and passenger space than its larger sibling. It also can’t match the horsepower of the CX-5’s turbocharged engine option, though it does get better fuel economy estimates.The Mazda CX-5 is a sophisticated urban compact crossover that offers an elevated and connected driving experience for discerning drivers. Redesigned for 2024. ... 2 Estimated fuel economy based on Government of Canada’s approved, revised 5-cycle testing method. Your actual fuel consumption may vary depending on how, where and when you drive. ...For 2024, the CX-5 gets a new Carbon Turbo trim and newly standard equipment across the lineup. Opens website in a new tab. ... 2024 Mazda CX-5 Gets Improved Fuel Economy, Starts at $30,675Estimated fuel economy stands at 26 mpg in combined city/highway driving for an AWD CX-5. We managed to get 28.8 mpg on our 115-mile mixed-driving evaluation route, so you can probably expect to ...With two engine options, the CX-5 has two fuel-economy ratings. The base 2.5-liter engine is rated at 24 mpg in the city and 30 mpg on the highway. The more powerful turbocharged engine is rated ...The Edmunds TCO ® estimated monthly insurance payment for a 2017 Mazda CX-5 in Virginia is: not available. Legal. View detailed gas mileage data for the 2017 Mazda CX-5. Use our handy tool to get ...The most accurate 2015 Mazda CX-5s MPG estimates based on real world results of 11.0 million miles driven in 378 Mazda CX-5s 2015 Mazda CX-5 MPG - Actual MPG from 378 2015 Mazda CX-5 owners Click here to see important news regarding the aCar AppThe 2014 Mazda CX-5 Sport comes with a 2.0-liter four-cylinder engine that produces 155 hp and 150 lb-ft of torque. Buyers are offered the choice of front- or all-wheel drive. A six-speed manual ...Research the 2024 Mazda CX-5 with our expert reviews and ratings. Edmunds also has Mazda CX-5 pricing, MPG, specs, pictures, safety features, consumer reviews and more. Our comprehensive coverage ... 27.7 Avg MPG. 44 Vehicles. 2,344 Fuel-ups. 739,158 Miles Tracked. View All 2012 Mazda CX-5s. The most accurate Mazda CX-5 MPG estimates based on real world results of 79.4 million miles driven in 4,364 Mazda CX-5s. Detailed specs and features for the Used 2022 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Premium Plus including dimensions, horsepower, engine, capacity, fuel economy, transmission, engine type, cylinders, drivetrain and more.Detailed specs and features for the 2024 Mazda CX-5 2.5 S Preferred including dimensions, horsepower, engine, capacity, fuel economy, transmission, engine type, cylinders, drivetrain and more. ---1