Steps. Add the gin, Lillet blanc and Suze into a mixing glass with ice and stir for 15 to 20 seconds until well-chilled. Strain into a rocks glass over fresh ice. Garnish with a lemon twist. The White Negroni …Brandy made for drinking has about 50 percent alcohol by volume. For brandy that is used as an additive to other alcohols, such as sherry, the volume is much higher, at between 80 ...Lillet Blanc The original apéritif, Lillet Blanc is an iconic fixture in top cocktail bars around the world. Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails. 2 tablespoons fresh orange juice. 1/4 cup loosely packed fresh basil leaves, plus sprigs for garnish. Splash of tonic water. 1 cucumber spear, for garnish. 1 cinnamon stick, for garnish. Put ice, Lillet, gin, orange juice, and basil in a cocktail shaker; shake well. Fill a glass with ice; strain mixture into glass. Add tonic water. Jul 5, 2023 · It truly takes less than five minutes to whip up this French Lillet Spritz with citrus notes: Step 1: Add ice and Lillet into your wine glass. Step 2: Pour the prosecco and a dash of soda water into the glass. Step 3: Garnish with orange and lemon slices with a sprig of thyme! Yes, alcohol freezes — but not all in the same way. Learn more about how alcohol freezes from HowStuffWorks. Advertisement If you've had any experience with alcohol and freezers — ...Step 2: Add a finishing touch. Garnish with a grapefruit twist. Cut a thin strip of grapefruit peel (avoiding the white pith) and twist it over the glass. Look for a fine mist of oils to release just before you drop the twist, adding a touch of tartness. Cheers!Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails. Learn how to make a Corpse Reviver No. 2 cocktail with Lillet Blanc & gin. Click to see the full recipe, ingredients and step-by-step instructions.Strain into a coupe. Express the oil from a lemon twist over the drink, and garnish with the twist. *Dried-rose-infused Lillet: Add 2 cups Lillet Blanc and 1 tablespoon dried rose petals into a jar and seal. Leave in the refrigerator for 24 hours, shaking the jar several times during that time. Strain through a cheesecloth or coffee filter.MAISON LILLET. For more than 150 years, Lillet Aperitifs have been crafted in the heart of the Bordeaux region in the petit village of Podensac. It is here that Lillet’s team of 10 hand-select beautiful Bordeaux wines to blend with macerations of sweet and bitter orange peels, cinchona bark and other closely guarded real ingredients selected ...Feb 3, 2016 · Instructions. Combine the citrus juice, Lillet and 1 cup of the prosecco in a large pitcher half-filled with ice cubes and some citrus rounds and wedges. Give a good stir and taste for balance, adding more lemon or grapefruit if the drink is too sweet, more Lillet or blood orange if you want more sweetness. Strain or scoop into cups and serve ... Lillet Blanc The original apéritif, Lillet Blanc is an iconic fixture in top cocktail bars around the world. Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails.The Corpse Reviver No2 combines equal parts of gin, the aromatized wine Lillet Blanc, orange liqueur, and lemon juice. A rinse (or a dash) of the anise-forward spirit absinthe gives the drink depth and complexity. The Corpse Reviver is a fantastic classic, and it also makes a great template for mixing your own cocktails.Chamonix, the beautiful commune in the shadow of the breathtaking Mont-Blanc, is an international hub renowned for its year-round alpine activities. Since Home / Cool Hotels / Top ...In my recipe, I muddle this liqueur with ripe peaches, silver tequila, sweet Lillet, and a dash of grapefruit bitters. Autumn Awakes recipe for two cocktails. 2 ...STEP #1: Slice and freeze your orange. Ross Yoder. To get those gorgeous half-moon orange slices, slice your orange in half through the stem, then cut the orange slices at an even thickness. Go a ...3 days ago · Cocchi Americano is an Italian aperitif that’s often used as a substitute for Lillet Blanc. It’s made from white wine, herbs, and spices, and it has a bitter, herbal flavor with notes of citrus and spice. Cocchi Americano is a great addition to cocktails like the Corpse Reviver #2 and the Vesper. Flavor Profile: Bitter, herbal, citrusy. Alcoholic ketoacidosis is the buildup of ketones in the blood due to alcohol use. Ketones are a type of acid that form when the body breaks down fat for energy. Alcoholic ketoacido...👩🏻🍳 Expert Tips. Stay True to Flavors: While many substitutes offer similar flavors, ensure to taste and adjust the quantity in your cocktail recipes or desserts to achieve the desired balance. Play with Additions: A splash of Angostura bitters, St Germain, or citrus peel can help mimic the unique flavor of Lillet Blanc when using a more neutral …Step 2: Add a finishing touch. Garnish with a grapefruit twist. Cut a thin strip of grapefruit peel (avoiding the white pith) and twist it over the glass. Look for a fine mist of oils to release just before you drop the twist, adding a touch of tartness. Cheers!The original apéritif, Lillet Blanc is an iconic fixture in top cocktail bars around the world. Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails. LEARN MORE ABOUT LILLET BLANC. Delicate fruit aromas and flavors grace the delightful ...In my recipe, I muddle this liqueur with ripe peaches, silver tequila, sweet Lillet, and a dash of grapefruit bitters. Autumn Awakes recipe for two cocktails. 2 ...Feb 5, 2014 ... Fill a small pitcher halfway with ice. Add vermouth, Lillet, and orange liqueur, and stir briskly until well-chilled. Strain into a stemmed wine ...Jan 9, 2013 · 1/2 ounces Cocchi Americano or Lillet Blanc. 1. ounce Gran Classico. 4. orange twists. ... Explore Bon Appétit Cocktail Gin Lillet Orange Citrus Fruit Quick Easy Drinks. More from BA. recipes. Vesper. James Bond’s drink of choice may be the …Steps. Rinse a chilled coupe or Martini glass with absinthe, discard the excess, and set aside. Add the dry gin, blue curaçao, Lillet blanc and lemon juice into a shaker with ice, and shake until well-chilled. Fine-strain into the prepared glass, and garnish with a lemon twist. The Corpse Reviver No. Blue is a simple riff on the classic Corpse ...Fill a cocktail shaker with ice. Pour in the Lillet, grapefruit juice, gin, St-Germain and lemon juice. Securely fasten the lid and shake the mixture for about 20 seconds, or until the outside of the shaker is absolutely ice cold. Discard the ice water in your glass and gently shake out any stubborn water droplets.In a cocktail shaker filled with ice, combine the elderflower liqueur, gin, Lillet Blanc and grapefruit juice. Shake well. Strain into a coupe glass. Add 2-3 dashes of lemon bitters. Garnish with a grapefruit slice or piece of grapefruit zest.In a cocktail shaker filled with ice, combine the elderflower liqueur, gin, Lillet Blanc and grapefruit juice. Shake well. Strain into a coupe glass. Add 2-3 dashes of lemon bitters. Garnish with a grapefruit slice or piece of grapefruit zest.Feb 13, 2024 ... 20ml (2/3oz) London Dry gin · 20ml (2/3oz) manzanilla sherry · 20ml (2/3oz) Lillet blanc · 2 dashes of orange bitters · Lemon twist to ...Lillet Blanc The original apéritif, Lillet Blanc is an iconic fixture in top cocktail bars around the world. Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails.ingredients. 1 1/2 ounces Träkál. 1/2 an ounce Lillet Blanc. 1/2 an ounce fresh grapefruit juice. 1/2 an ounce fresh lemon juice. 1 teaspoon apricot marmalade.Fill a cocktail shaker 3/4 full with ice. Add Lillet Blanc, whiskey, Cointreau, lemon juice, and simple syrup. Cover and shake until outside of shaker is frosted, about …With hand sanitizers out of stock everywhere, many are going without. These alcohol distilleries are making hand sanitizer to try and fill the gap. With hand sanitizers going out o...Lillet Blanc The original apéritif, Lillet Blanc is an iconic fixture in top cocktail bars around the world. Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails.Steps. Rinse a chilled coupe or Martini glass with absinthe, discard the excess, and set aside. Add the dry gin, blue curaçao, Lillet blanc and lemon juice into a shaker with ice, and shake until well-chilled. Fine-strain into the prepared glass, and garnish with a lemon twist. The Corpse Reviver No. Blue is a simple riff on the classic Corpse ...Alcoholic ketoacidosis is the buildup of ketones in the blood due to alcohol use. Ketones are a type of acid that form when the body breaks down fat for energy. Alcoholic ketoacido...En sprudlende Lillet cocktail, som er en blanding af Lillet Blanc, Absolut Vodka, jordbærsirup, citronjuice og danskvand, og selvfølgelig pyntet med den grønneste mynte og de saftigste jordbær! Sådan laver du en Summertime Madness. 1: Find din shaker frem og tilføj Lillet, vodka, jordbærsirup og citronsaft.Vodka. How to make a Rising Star. Here's all you need to do to make a great Lillet blanc and vodka cocktail. For a single cocktail. Fill a cocktail shaker halfway with ice. Pour in Lillet blanc, vodka, and freshly …Jul 12, 2019 ... This refreshing pitcher cocktail, the Lillet Lady, combines cucumber, simple syrup, Lillet Blanc, gin, sparkling water & mint. Easy. 5cl of Lillet Blanc. 10cl of tonic water. Ice cubes. 1 slice of cucumber and 1 strawberry. Mint leaves. Feb 10, 2020 ... Lillet Blanc is great and worth having in your bar, for this and other cocktails and to drink on its own with a splash of soda (garnish with an ...In this Video I will show you how to serve vermouth. These 5 vermouth recipes are great. Yes I’ve used Lillet, but you can also substitute these vermouth recipes with Martini which is another dry vermouth. Martini Cocktails are also delicious. I’ve just preferred to use lillet as it suits my palate a little more.Feb 22, 2024 · Lillet Blanc: Lillet Blanc is the modern version of Kina Lillet. It’s is a popular aromatized wine flavored with herbs and citrus. It’s very refreshing (one of our favorites!) and you can use it in lots of cocktails, like a Vesper Martini, Lillet Spritz or Lillet G&T Cocktail. Kina Lillet is a quinquina, a type of bitter aperitif made with cinchona bark. It was a key component in the original recipe but was discontinued in the late 1960s. The best substitute for the Kina Lillet is Cocchi Americano, an Italian aperitif made with a base of Moscato wine macerated with herbs, spices, gentian root and cinchona bark.Jan 26, 2024 · To a cocktail shaker filled halfway with ice, add the grapefruit juice, Lillet Blanc, gin, elderflower liqueur, and lemon bitters and shake vigorously for 30 seconds. Strain into a chilled martini ... 4 fl. oz. Lillet Blanc. 2 drops orange bitters. 2 fl. oz. orange flavored sparkling water. 1 orange peel and mint leaves to garnish. 2 oz. ice. Directions: Add ice to glass, measure out Lillet and .... Lillet Blanc The original apéritif, Lillet Blanc is an iconic fixture in top cocktail bars around the world. Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails. Lillet Blanc The original apéritif, Lillet Blanc is an iconic fixture in top cocktail bars around the world. Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails.Lillet Winter Berry. Lillet Berry is also great in winter. Lillet Blanc with Rosemary & Cranberry Limo tastes wonderfully wintry and goes perfectly with your holiday brunch. Garnish your drink with dried cranberries or something similar - it's yours to … This light-bodied, low-in-alcohol, aperitif-style cocktail from Natasha David shows off the benefits of its collection of disparate ingredients The Lillet assumes easy, refreshing drinking; the Suze and vermouth lend a slight bitterness and subtle complexity; and the bourbon anchors it all The marmalade, meanwhile, nods to brunch, and may make you hunger for a bit of food. Cocktail con Lillet Blanc. Miscela Lillet con un po’ di bollicine, guarnisci e il gioco è fatto! Prova il nostro signature drink Lillet Blanc Tonic, perfetto in ogni occasione, oppure esplora le tante proposte rinfrescanti. Scopri Lillet Blanc: tutta la freschezza tipica di un aperitivo a base di vino con un sapore morbido e fruttato.Lillet Winter Vive. A winter twist on our popular Lillet Tonic, this easy to make drink is perfect for any holiday gathering. Add a slice of pear and some thyme to bring out the delicious fruit notes of Lillet. Prep time.Preparation. Combine gin, Lillet, and Suze in an old-fashioned glass filled with ice and stir until very cold, about 30 seconds. Garnish with a lemon twist.Studies show that people drink more alcohol as a means of coping with stress, but does it help? There are ways to manage stress without it. Alcohol may offer temporary relief, but ... Lillet Blanc The original apéritif, Lillet Blanc is an iconic fixture in top cocktail bars around the world. Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails. ½ cup Lillet Blanc. 1 ounce (2 tablespoons) gin. 2 tablespoons fresh orange juice. ¼ cup loosely packed fresh basil leaves, plus sprigs for garnish. Splash of tonic water. 1 cucumber spear, for garnish. 1 cinnamon stick, for garnishingredients. 1 1/2 ounces Träkál. 1/2 an ounce Lillet Blanc. 1/2 an ounce fresh grapefruit juice. 1/2 an ounce fresh lemon juice. 1 teaspoon apricot marmalade.1.5 oz. Plymouth Gin. 0.75 oz. vodka. 0.75 oz. Cocchi Americano. Add all ingredients to a cocktail shaker. Add ice, shake hard for 10 to 12 seconds, strain up into a martini or cocktail glass and ...For the Grapefruit Simple Syrup. Combine grapefruit pieces, sugar and water in a small saucepan. Bring to a boil, let simmer for 5 minutes. Take off of heat and let steep for 5 minutes. Strain out grapefruit pieces. Store in an airtight container for up to one week in the fridge.Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails. Learn how to make a Corpse Reviver No. 2 cocktail with Lillet Blanc & gin. Click to see the full recipe, ingredients and step-by-step instructions.Lillet Rouge. Lillet Rouge brings bold fruit flavors in each ruby-red glass. Bright orange aromas lift fresh berries and delicate spice on the palate. Learn more about Lillet Rouge. Learn how to make a simple Lillet Tonic cocktail with Lillet Blanc. Click to read the full recipe, get the ingredients, and step-by-step instructions.The corpse reviver no. 2 is a popular classic cocktail and arguably the best-tasting of all the corpse reviver drinks. It is a great gin cocktail and a testament to the mixability of its botanical-filled spirit. Traditionally, it would have used Kina Lillet, though Lillet Blanc and Cocchi Americano are commonly used today.3. Kina L’Avion d’Or. Kina L’Avion d’Or is a good substitute for Lillet Blanc because it has a similar but more bitter flavor. It is made with white wine, cinchona bark, wormwood, and orange peel. This French aperitif has a deep golden color, sweet-bitter taste, and aroma of marmalade and quince.Feb 27, 2024 · 1. Cocchi Americano. Cocchi Americano is regarded as the best of all Lillet Blanc substitutes —the main difference is that it's Italian rather than French. This aperitif brings its own spin to the table with a bitter edge thanks to quinine, which Lillet ditched back in '85. The resulting cocktail is herbal, floral and aromatic, with a full three-quarters of an ounce of absinthe. The elderflower liqueur brings floral sweetness, while the Lillet blanc, a French wine-based aperitif, lends body alongside notes of citrus and honey. Fresh lemon juice provides balance and keeps the strong flavors in check.Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails. Learn how to make a Corpse Reviver No. 2 cocktail with Lillet Blanc & gin. Click to see the full recipe, ingredients and step-by-step instructions.Preparation. In a cocktail shaker, muddle 2 orange slices with the handle of a wooden spoon. Add the Lillet, St-Germain, lemon juice and a few ice cubes. Shake vigorously. Filter into a lowball glass half-filled with ice. Top up with sparkling water and garnish with an orange slice. Create a note. “The Lillet St-Germain is inspired by a ...The 20th Century Cocktail features gin, Lillet blanc, white creme de cacao and lemon juice. According to William J. Tarling’s 1937 “Cafe Royal Cocktail Book,” it was created by British bartender C.A. Tuck and named for the luxurious 20th Century Limited passenger train that ran between New York City and Chicago from 1902 to 1967.Make the cocktail – Fill a cocktail shaker about 2/3 full of ice. Add the gin, Lillet Rosé, and prickly pear syrup to the shaker. Shake vigorously before straining into martini or coupe glasses. Add several dashes of bitters, then garnish as desired. NOTE: Think of the bitters as salt and pepper for your cocktail.Alcohol use disorder, also called alcoholism, is a complex condition. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and look different from person to person. Alcohol use disorder can look...3 parts Lillet Blanc. 1 part Plymouth gin. Lemon or orange peel for garnish (or neither) Pour the gin and Lillet into a cocktail shaker with ice. Shake enthusiastically until cold, and strain into ...It truly takes less than five minutes to whip up this Basil Spritz with herbal notes: Step 1: Add Basil leaves into a cocktail shaker. Step 2: Add Lillet and shake with ice for 30 seconds vigorously. Step 3: Add bubbles - …Strain into a coupe. Express the oil from a lemon twist over the drink, and garnish with the twist. *Dried-rose-infused Lillet: Add 2 cups Lillet Blanc and 1 tablespoon dried rose petals into a jar and seal. Leave in the refrigerator for 24 hours, shaking the jar several times during that time. Strain through a cheesecloth or coffee filter.Lillet Winter Berry. Lillet Berry is also great in winter. Lillet Blanc with Rosemary & Cranberry Limo tastes wonderfully wintry and goes perfectly with your holiday brunch. Garnish your drink with dried cranberries or something similar - it's yours to …Directions. Combine all ingredients in a mixing glass with ice. Stir until cold. Strain liquid into a glass and serve up or with a large ice cube. Garnish with a large zest of grapefruit. See what other Food52ers are saying. This …After using Lillet Blanc in a cocktail that’s a favorite of a certain pop singer, I was excited to try the other variations of Lillet. While Lillet Blanc is the original, Lillet Rosé is a ...Mar 15, 2020 ... Simple Lillet Whiskey Cocktail · 3oz Woodford Reserve Kentucky Straight Bourbon Whiskey (or any whiskey that you prefer) · 1.5oz Lillet ·.5oz&...This easy cocktail consists of just 5 ingredients -- that's Lillet Blanc, grapefruit juice, gin, elderflower liqueur, and lemon juice. This delicious combo is simply shaken up with some ice and ...Lillet Blanc The original apéritif, Lillet Blanc is an iconic fixture in top cocktail bars around the world. Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails.The classic Kina Cocktail called for Kina Lillet, which no longer exists. Instead of the sweeter and less-bitter modern Lillet Blanc, this modern version calls for Cocchi Americano, which has Chinchona bark for bitterness. A dash of dry sherry complements that bitterness and adds nutty richness and a golden hue.Three varieties are produced, Lillet Blanc, Lillet Rosé and Lillet Rouge, each using a different grape varieties as a base. The wine blend is then aged for one year in oak casks. Lillet Blanc (17% ABV) is made from a blend of Semillon and Sauvignon Blanc and has many uses in cocktails and mixed drinks aside from a vermouth substitute in Martinis.Step 2: Add a finishing touch. Garnish with a grapefruit twist. Cut a thin strip of grapefruit peel (avoiding the white pith) and twist it over the glass. Look for a fine mist of oils to release just before you drop the twist, adding a touch of tartness. Cheers!Lillet Rosé, club soda or tonic water and a seasonal garnish. The result is as lovely as it simple, and it just begs for patio weather. For more aperitif and ...Directions. Combine all ingredients in a mixing glass with ice. Stir until cold. Strain liquid into a glass and serve up or with a large ice cube. Garnish with a large zest of grapefruit. See what other Food52ers are saying. This …The most popular cocktails that feature Lillet Blanc as a star ingredient are: 1. Lillet Blanc Vive- Lillet Blanc, tonic water, garnish of cucumber, mint, and strawberry slice 2. A Corpse Reviver No. 2- Lillet Blanc, gin, Cointreau, absinthe, lemon juice 3. Vesper- Lillet Blanc, gin, vodka, lemon peel 4. Rising Star-Lillet Blanc, vodka ...Unfortunately, the longevity of your rum, whiskey, vodka, tequila, and mezcal is not indefinite.Aug 3, 2023 ... It is equal parts Prairie Organic Gin, Lillet Blanc (or Cocchi Americano), Cointreau, fresh lemon juice.3 days ago · Cocchi Americano is an Italian aperitif that’s often used as a substitute for Lillet Blanc. It’s made from white wine, herbs, and spices, and it has a bitter, herbal flavor with notes of citrus and spice. Cocchi Americano is a great addition to cocktails like the Corpse Reviver #2 and the Vesper. Flavor Profile: Bitter, herbal, citrusy. Instructions: In a cocktail shaker with ice, combine an ounce and a half of Lillet, half an ounce of rye, half an ounce of fresh lemon juice, half an ounce of simple syrup, and a quarter-ounce of ...Do you find it difficult to stop or manage your drinking? Take this test to find out whether you may have alcohol use disorder and would benefit from an evaluation by a mental heal... Lillet Blanc is the oldest aperitif of the range, sophisticated, and full of character. It’s the heart of Lillet and will melt yours. Light and crisp with delicate citrus hints, the unique recipe is a closely kept secret! This golden apéritif is a subtle blend of wines and fruit infusions, perfect for bubbly, refreshing and fruity long drinks. Lillet Blanc The original apéritif, Lillet Blanc is an iconic fixture in top cocktail bars around the world. Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails.Home. Lillet Blanc is the original and most iconic apéritif in our range. It mixes beautifully in a simple spritz with an orange slice and elevates any classic cocktail. The Lillet Blanc is …1 ½ oz Lillet Rose or Lillet Blanc · ½ oz grapefruit juice · teaspoon simple syrup · teaspoon Yellow Chartreuse · 2-3 oz Brut Champagne or other dry spa...Fill a cocktail shaker 3/4 full with ice. Add Lillet Blanc, whiskey, Cointreau, lemon juice, and simple syrup. Cover and shake until outside of shaker is frosted, about …Apr 22, 2020 · To make eight drinks, combine one cup gin, one cup Aperol, one cup Lillet blanc, and ½ cup water in a pitcher up to 24 hours before serving time. Stir, cover, and chill in the refrigerator. At serving time, divide among glasses and garnish each with an orange slice. Alcohol use disorder, also called alcoholism, is a complex condition. Symptoms can range from mild to severe and look different from person to person. Alcohol use disorder can look...This cocktail is a delectable mix of fresh, floral and fruity flavors, featuring Lillet Blanc! To make, combine all ingredients together with ice in a cocktail shaker and shake vigorously for at least 30 seconds. Double strain into a Nick & Nora glass. Prep time.Lillet Blanc: Lillet Blanc is the modern version of Kina Lillet. It’s is a popular aromatized wine flavored with herbs and citrus. It’s very refreshing (one of our favorites!) and you can use it in lots of cocktails, like a … The original apéritif, Lillet Blanc is an iconic fixture in top cocktail bars around the world. Sip it chilled with frozen orange slices, make a refreshingly simple Lillet Spritz or add its delicate aromatics and touch of sweetness to classic cocktails. Jul 6, 2020 · With lemon juice, gin, and sparkling wine, the French 75 makes any cocktail hour feel like a special occasion. Archangel Keep Aperol, gin, and a few cucumber slices on hand all summer long to make ... ---1